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John Alfred Valentine Butler (known to his friends and colleagues as J. A. V.) was born into a Cotswolds farming family in Winchcombe on 14 February 1899; he was the eldest of three children of Alfred and Mary Ann (née Powell). After attending the local primary school he won a scholarship which covered the travelling expenses and fees for Cheltenham Grammar School. Coming from a non-academic family he had no encouragement to go to university, and so took a short apprenticeship with a local pharmacist. This led to his being drafted into the RAMC towards the end of World War I: after training, he was posted to a field hospital near Ypres. Here, he had the chance for self study, with the help of books on loan from Lewis's Lending Library in London, and the University Correspondence College, Cambridge.
Butler was demobilised in October 1919 and enrolled at University of Birmingham, from where he graduated “BSc with 1st Class Honours in 1921 (1st in the year).” In 1922 he was appointed Assistant Lecturer in the University College of Swansea. His work here resulted in the later publication of his first two books (see Works).
Butler’s next appointment was in 1926 as Lecturer in Chemistry in the University of Edinburgh, under Sir James Walker, where he studied the behaviour of electrolytes in mixed solvents, on which he published a series of papers in the Proceedings of the Royal Society (A) with five different collaborators from 1929-1933. A wide range of other papers appeared during this productive phase. Productive but not financially rewarding: he found it difficult to support his family on his Lecturer’s stipend. In 1939 he was appointed to work at the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research, Princeton and so at the end of August the family sailed on the Queen Mary to New York. Butler worked in J H Northrop’s group on the homogeneity of crystallised enzymes.
After the outbreak of WWII, Butler offered his services and was appointed Executive Officer at the British Central Scientific Office in Washington, DC, which had a staff of 17 officers, under the direction of Sir Charles Galton Darwin, a grandson of Charles Darwin. He continued in that role until 1944, when Edinburgh asked him to return to teaching there. But he did not find the conditions “at all congenial”, and so he secured an appointment in 1946 at the Courtauld Institute of Biochemistry under Professor (later Sir) Charles Dodds, where he worked on the proteolytic degradation of insulin. This work was not altogether successful, in part because of the great strides made by Sanger. So, in 1949, Butler moved to the Chester Beatty Research Institute in Chelsea, directed by Alexander Haddow. There were two main themes to his work at the Chester Beatty, one of which – on the proteins associated with DNA in the structure of chromosomes, the histones – is especially associated with Butler. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Donahue is from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. His father, Thomas Michael Donahue, was a prominent space scientist who taught at the University of Pittsburgh and later the University of Michigan.
Donahue attended Brown University, where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in physics in 1985. At Brown, Donahue and his friends participated in environmental activism. Donahue attended the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for doctoral studies, graduating with a Ph.D. in meteorology in 1991. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Adil E. Shamoo (born August 1, 1941) is an Iraqi biochemist with an interest in biomedical ethics and foreign policy. He is currently a professor at the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at the University of Maryland. | 0 | Biochemists |
* 2017 Thieme Chemistry Journal Award
* 2018 National Science Foundation CAREER Award
* 2019 MIT Technology Review Innovators Under 35
* 2019 Alfred P. Sloan Foundation Fellowship
* 2019 Office of Naval Research Young Investigator
* 2020 Princeton University Bristol-Myers Squibb Lectureship
* 2020 Research Corporation Cottrell Scholar Award
* 2021 American Chemical Society National Fresenius Award
* 2021 Camille Dreyfus Teacher-Scholar Award
* 2021 FMC New Investigator Award | 2 | Electrochemists |
*[https://archive.org/details/b2239588x On Sewage and Sewage Rivers] (1855)
*[https://archive.org/details/disinfectantsdis00smit Disinfectants and Disinfection] (1869)
*[https://archive.org/details/airrainbeginning00smitiala Air and Rain: The Beginnings of a Chemical Climatology] (1872)
*[https://archive.org/details/b28065232 Chemical and Physical Researches] (1876)
*[https://archive.org/details/lochetivesonsofu00smit Loch Etive and the sons of Uisnach: With Illustrations] (1879)
*[https://archive.org/details/centenaryofscien00smitrich A Centenary of Science in Manchester] (1883) | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Charles Roger Slack (22 April 1937 – 24 October 2016) was a British-born plant biologist and biochemist who lived and worked in Australia (1962–1970) and New Zealand (1970–2000). In 1966, jointly with Marshall Hatch, he discovered C4 photosynthesis (also known as the Hatch Slack Pathway). | 0 | Biochemists |
Molina received more than thirty honorary degrees.
* Yale University (1997)
* Tufts University (2003)
* Duke University (2009)
* Harvard University (2012)
* Mexican Federal Universities: National of Mexico (1996), Metropolitana (2004), Chapingo (2007), National Polytechnic (2009)
* Mexican State Universities: Hidalgo (2002), State of Mexico (2006), Michoacan (2009), Guadalajara (2010), San Luis Potosí (2011)
* U.S. Universities: Miami (2001), Florida International (2002), Southern Florida (2005), Claremont Graduate (announced 2013)
* U.S. Colleges: Connecticut (1998), Trinity (2001), Washington (2011), Whittier (2012), Williams (2015)
* Canadian Universities: Calgary (1997), Waterloo (2002), British Columbia (2011)
* European Universities: East Anglia (1996), Alfonso X (2009), Complutense of Madrid (2012), Free of Brussels (2010), | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Ramanathan is an ISI highly cited researcher. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Meteorological Society and American Geophysical Union. He became a member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1995. In 1995, the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences awarded him the Buys Ballot Medal. In 2002, he was awarded the Carl-Gustaf Rossby Research Medal, "... for fundamental insights into the radiative roles of clouds, aerosols and key gases in the Earth's climate system." He was elected a member of the US National Academy of Sciences in 2002 "... for fundamental contributions to our modern understanding of global climate change and human impacts on climate and environment", an Academician of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences in 2004, a member the American Philosophical Society in 2006, and a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in 2008.
Also, Veerabhadran Ramanathan has been bestowed with the BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award 2015 in the Climate Change category for discovering that human-produced gases and pollutants other than have a huge power to alter the Earth's climate, and that by acting on them it is possible to make a short-term dent on the rate of global warming. He received the prestigious Tang Prize for Sustainable Development in 2018. He was awarded the 90th annual Mendel Medal by Villanova University in 2018 for his work on climate change. Ramanathan is the recipient of the Lifetime Achievement Award (Champions of the Earth) in 2013. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
John Joseph Jolly Kyle FRSA (2 February 1838 – 23 February 1922) was a pioneering Argentine chemist. Born and educated in Scotland, he emigrated to Argentina in 1862, and on the outbreak of the Paraguayan War served as a pharmacist in the Argentine Army medical corps. He became an Argentine citizen in 1873. At the time Kyle was active specialisation was not an option in Latin American chemistry and it was necessary for a chemist to be a sort of polymath or jack-of-all-trades. Kyle was appointed professor of chemistry at the Colegio Nacional de Buenos Aires in 1871, and chief chemist to the Casa de Moneda de la República Argentina (the Argentine Mint) in 1881. He was appointed professor of organic chemistry at the University of Buenos Aires (1889); Chemist to the Inspectorate-General of Sanitary Works (1890); professor of industrial chemistry at the Colegio Nacional (1892); and professor of inorganic chemistry at Buenos Aires University (1896). He was director of the first chemistry doctoral thesis in Argentina (1901).
The , awarded quinquennially by the Argentine Chemical Association for the best contribution to any branch of chemistry, and its most prestigious prize, is named in his honour. | 1 | Geochemists |
Ashe joined the University of Minnesota Medical School in 1992 as an assistant professor of neurology. She has also worked with the Minneapolis Veterans Affairs Health Care System. She was the founding director of the N. Bud Grossman Center for Memory Research and Care. As of 2022, she has received over $28million in grants from the U.S. National Institutes of Health.
The Minneapolis Star Tribune described Ashe as a "distinguished professor considered by many to be on the short list for a Nobel Prize for her work". | 0 | Biochemists |
Lewis attended Sir Joseph Williamson's Mathematical School, Rochester, and then studied chemistry at the University of Leeds followed by a PhD in atmospheric and analytical chemistry supervised by Mike Pilling and Keith Bartle, awarded in 1995. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
During 1895 he succeeded Hermann von Helmholtz as President of the Physikalisch-Technische Reichsanstalt (PTR – Imperial Physical Technical Institute), an office which he held until 1905.
Here, as in the past, his activities were focused on experimental and instrumental physics: he constructed instruments and devised new measuring techniques to examine electrolytic conduction in solutions. He concluded the setup of the PTR, a task which had not yet been completed on the death of its first president. He introduced fixed regulations, work schedules and working hours for the Institute.
Under direction of Kohlrausch, the PTR created numerous standards and calibration standards which were also used internationally outside Germany.
Kohlrausch was intent on creating optimum working conditions in the laboratories and to shield the labs from unwanted external influences. For six years, for instance, he fought against a streetcar line which was due to be laid near the PTR. However, before the streetcar was to make its first journey, the institute succeeded in developing an astatic torsion magnetometer which was uninfluenced by disturbing electromagnetic fields. The use of this instrument and the shielded wire galvanometer developed by du Bois and Rubens meant that precision electrical and magnetic work continued to be possible.
Over the years, Kohlrausch added experiments which met the needs of physical chemistry and electrical technology in particular. He improved precision measuring instruments and developed numerous measuring methods in almost all of the fields of physics known during his lifetime, including a reflectivity meter, a tangent galvanometer, and various types of magnetometers and dynamometers. The Kohlrausch bridge, which he invented at that time for the purpose of measuring conductivity, is still well known today.
Like Helmholtz and Siemens, Kohlrausch also saw the possibilities inherent in applied and basic research in the natural sciences and technology. He lay the foundations for scientific knowledge which promoted and advanced industry and technology. The PTR developed standardized precision instruments for university research institutes and industrial laboratories. It introduced uniform electrical units for Germany and also played a significant role in their international usage. In the period to 1905, there were many examples of the importance of the PTR for German industry, in particular for the high technologies of the time – the electrical, optical and mechanical industries.
Overall, Kohlrausch was involved in the measurement of electrical, magnetic and electrochemical phenomena for almost 50 years. In 1905 Kohlrausch retired from his post as President of the PTR.
Friedrich Kohlrausch died in Marburg on 17 January 1910 at the age of 69. | 2 | Electrochemists |
* Manfred Schidlowski: [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-59381-9_24 Search for Morphological and Biogeochemical Vestiges of Fossil Life in Extraterrestrial Settings: Utility of Terrestrial Evidence]. In: Horneck G., Baumstark-Khan C. (eds) Astrobiology. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 2002, pages 373–386.
* Pitawala, A., Schidlowski, M., Dahanayake, K. et al.: [https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00126-002-0327-y Geochemical and petrological characteristics of Eppawala phosphate deposits, Sri Lanka]. In: Miner Deposita, Vol. 38, September 2002, pages 505–515.
* Manfred Schidlowski: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0301926800001285 Carbon isotopes as biogeochemical recorders of life over 3.8 Ga of Earth history: evolution of a concept]. In: Precambrian Research, Vol. 106, Issues 1–2, 1 February 2001, pages 117-134
* Yanan Shen, Manfred Schidlowski: [https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-abstract/28/7/623/191927/New-C-isotope-stratigraphy-from-southwest-China?redirectedFrom=fulltext New C isotope stratigraphy from southwest China: Implications for the placement of the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary on the Yangtze Platform and global correlations ]. In: Geology, Vol. 28, Issue 7, 1 July 2000, pages 623–626.
* B. Nagy, R. Weber, J.C. Guerrero, M. Schidlowski: [https://www.elsevier.com/books/developments-and-interactions-of-the-precambrian-atmosphere-lithosphere-and-biosphere/nagy/978-0-444-42240-8 Developments and Interactions of the Precambrian Atmosphere, Lithosphere and Biosphere]. Latest Edition, 1 April 2000.
* Manfred Schidlowski, Stjepko Golubic, Michael M. Kimberley, David M. McKirdy Sr.: [https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-76884-2 Early Organic Evolution - Implications for Mineral and Energy Resources: A Farewell Address to IGCP Project 157]. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1992. [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-642-76884-2_1#citeas PDF].
* Manfred Schidlowski: [https://www.nature.com/articles/333313a0 A 3,800-million-year isotopic record of life from carbon in sedimentary rocks]. In: Nature 333, 26 May 1988, pages 313–318.
* Manfred Schildlowski: [https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-94-009-9085-2_14 Antiquity and Evolutionary Status of Bacterial Sulfate Reduction: Sulfur Isotope Evidence]. In: Limits of Life, 1980, pages 159–171.
* Manfred Schidlowski, Rudolf Eichmann, Christian E. Junge: [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0301926875900182 Precambrian sedimentary carbonates: carbon and oxygen isotope geochemistry and implications for the terrestrial oxygen budget]. In: Precambrian Research, Vol 2, Issue 1, February 1975, pages 1-69.
* Manfred Schidlowski: [https://www.nature.com/articles/205895a0 Probable Life-forms from the Precambrian of the Witwatersrand System (South Africa)]. In: Nature, Vol. 205, 27 February 1965, pages 895–896. | 1 | Geochemists |
Bharat is the author or co-author of over 46 scientific publications. These include:
* Jan Böhning, Mnar Ghrayeb, Conrado Pedebos, Daniel K. Abbas, Syma Khalid, Liraz Chai & Tanmay A. M. Bharat (2022) [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-34700-z Donor-strand exchange drives assembly of the TasA scaffold in Bacillus subtilis biofilms.] Nature Communications volume 13, article number 7082.
* Tanmay A.M. Bharat, Andriko von Kügelgen & Vikram Alva (2021) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33121898/ Molecular Logic of Prokaryotic Surface Layer Structures.] Trends in Microbiology May;29(5):405-415.
* Charlotte Melia, Jani Bolla, Stefan Lanwermeyer, Daniel Mihaylov, Patrick Hoffmann, Jiandong Huo, Michael Wozny, Louis Elfari, Jan Böhning, Ray Owens, Carol Robinson, George O’Toole & Tanmay A.M. Bharat (2021) [https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.02.08.430230v1 Architecture of cell-cell junctions in situ reveals a mechanism for bacterial biofilm inhibition.] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 118(31):
* Andriko von Kügelgen, Vikram Alva and Tanmay A.M. Bharat (2021) [https://www.cell.com/cell-reports/fulltext/S2211-1247(21)01538-2 Complete atomic structure of a native archaeal cell surface.] Cell Reports volume 37, issue 8, 110052.
* Abul K. Tarafder, Andriko von Kügelgen, Adam J. Mellul & Tanmay A. M. Bharat (2020) [https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.1917726117 Phage liquid crystalline droplets form occlusive sheaths that encapsulate and protect infectious rod-shaped bacteria.] Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America volume 117, issue 9, pages 4724-4731.
* Andriko von Kügelgen, Haiping Tang., Gail Hardy, Danguole Kureisaite-Ciziene, Yves Brun, Phillip Stansfeld, Carol Robinson, & Tanmay A.M. Bharat (2020) [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31883796/ In Situ Structure of an Intact Lipopolysaccharide-Bound Bacterial Surface Layer.] Cell 180(2): 348-358
* Tanmay A.M. Bharat, Christopher J. Russo, Jan Löwe, Lori A. Passmore & Sjors H.W. Scheres (2015) [https://www.cell.com/structure/fulltext/S0969-2126(15)00279-8 Advances in Single-Particle Electron Cryomicroscopy Structure Determination applied to Sub-tomogram Averaging] Structure volume 23, issue 9, pages 1743-1753.
* Tanmay A. M. Bharat, James D. Riches, Larissa Kolesnikova, Sonja Welsch, Verena Krähling, Norman Davey, Marie-Laure Parsy, Stephan Becker & John A. G. Briggs (2011) [https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001196 Cryo-Electron Tomography of Marburg Virus Particles and Their Morphogenesis within Infected Cells.] PLOS Biology | 0 | Biochemists |
Kristie Ann Boering (born October 6, 1963) is a Professor of Earth and Planetary Science and the Lieselotte and David Templeton Professor of Chemistry at University of California, Berkeley. She studies atmospheric chemistry and mass transport in the extraterrestrial atmosphere using kinetics and photochemistry. Boering was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2018. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
He began his research just as the foundations of isotopic geochemistry were beginning to be well established through the work of Harold Urey and Cesare Emiliani in Chicago. The analysis of stable isotopes and natural radioactive elements makes it possible to approach the study of major biogeochemical cycles in an original way and to reconstruct changes in the Earth's climate and environment by applying current principles.
Jean-Claude Duplessy initially focused on the concretions of the caves and demonstrated that they were good recorders of the hydrological cycle and air temperature at the time they were formed. He obtained the first reconstructions of air temperatures and climatic conditions in the south of France for the last millennia and for the previous interglacial period Recently, this type of study has been resumed in Europe due to the development of new dating methods and the study of stalagmites seems open to a great future.
Duplessy turned to the ocean because of its role as a climate regulator and its major impact on biogeochemical cycles, particularly the carbon cycle. His doctoral thesis work has focused on the geochemistry of stable carbon isotopes in the sea. He showed how the distribution of the stable heavy carbon isotope, carbon-13, was governed by biological fractionations related to chlorophyll assimilation by phytoplankton, then by ocean circulation and finally, to a lesser extent, by gas exchanges between the ocean and the atmosphere. All these phenomena, which dominate the carbon cycle in the ocean, are now being taken into account to study the fate of carbon dioxide emitted by human activities.
Duplessy led numerous oceanographic campaigns and showed that variations in the isotopic composition of fossil foraminifera present in the sediments of the various oceans made it possible to reconstruct changes in the isotopic composition of the ocean and ocean circulation on a large scale, which opened a new scientific field, paleo-oceanography. This has grown to the point where there is now an international journal devoted to this discipline, of which he was one of the first associate editors.
He established the first reconstructions of the deep ocean circulation during the height of the last ice age and during the last interglacial period. This has led him to highlight a disruption in the functioning of the ocean: the North Atlantic deep water disappears under glacial conditions, accompanied by a general slowdown in large-scale ocean circulation, the intensity of the Gulf Stream and the heat flux transported by the Atlantic Ocean to the coasts of Western Europe.
The deep waters of the world ocean are formed by convection and diving of dense surface waters during winter periods. To understand the causes of changes in deep ocean circulation, it was necessary to develop a method to reconstruct not only the temperature (which was already known), but also the salinity of surface waters in the past. Duplessy has developed a method based on fractionations that affect stable oxygen isotopes during the water cycle. This has allowed him to reconstruct the salinity of the Atlantic Ocean during the last glacial maximum with sufficient accuracy for major modelling groups to use this data to simulate global ocean circulation using general ocean circulation models. These results have provided the basis for understanding ocean circulation in glacial climates and the role that the ocean can play in disrupting climate, as outlined in a book written for the general public entitled "When the ocean gets angry ". He is also the co-author of "Gros temps sur la planète ", "Paléoclimatologie : Tome 1, and Tome 2 "Paléoclimatologie : Tome 2, Emboiter les pièces du puzzle : comprendre et modéliser un système complexe ".
Chronology plays an essential role in understanding the evolution of climates and the links with astronomical theory initiated by Dr. Milankovitch and developed by André Berger in Louvain-La-Neuve and John Imbrie at Brown University. Duplessy launched the first accelerator mass spectrometry laboratory, one of the objectives of which is the fine measurement of carbon-14 to date marine sediments. With his collaborators, he was able to provide the first evidence of a ten-degree change in seawater temperature in times compatible with human life. These results were confirmed and further refined by the study of drilling in Greenland ice. Today, rapid climatic variations are recognized as a major feature of climate change.
While developing this research and a group of marine paleoclimatology, he has endeavoured to bring to light in France the study of biogeochemical cycles within the surface envelopes of our planet. With the support of the CNRS, he launched the program to study the flow of matter in the ocean. This programme would bring together the actions of biologists, chemists and geochemists by highlighting the fundamental role of the coupling between biology and geochemistry, which led to the now recognized notion of biogeochemistry. This effort led the French teams to initiate, with their American and European colleagues, the International Joint Global Ocean Flux Study program to quantify carbon fluxes in the ocean and the role of plankton-produced particulate matter transfer in supplying the deep ocean environment with carbon, food and energy.
By the late 1980s, it had become clear that understanding living conditions on the Earth's surface required studying the couplings between the geosphere and living things. At the request of COFUSI (Comité français des unions scientifiques internationales), Duplessy chaired the French scientific committee of the International Geosphere-Biosphere Programme. He federated research on the physical, chemical and biological mechanisms that govern the evolution of our environment. This research program initiated the study of the variability of the coupled geosphere-biosphere system, giving high priority to palaeoclimatic and palaeo-environmental reconstructions over geological time. These studies have thus made it possible to highlight phenomena as unexpected as the great variability of the carbon cycle in relation to changes in vegetation. These themes will become increasingly important in the coming years in the study of human-induced climate change, as the future evolution of greenhouse gas concentrations can only be realistically simulated if the interactions between the biosphere and biogeochemical cycles are well understood, so that they can be taken into account in models simulating the behaviour of the "Earth" system. The last interglacial period of 120,000 years, often taken as an analogue of a significantly warmer climate than today, reflects major changes in global ocean temperature and circulation that have contributed to destabilizing the West Antarctic ice cap. | 1 | Geochemists |
Ulrich "Uli" Pöschl (9 October 1969) is an Austrian chemist who was appointed Director of the newly founded Department of Multiphase Chemistry at the Max Planck Institute for Chemistry in Mainz, Germany on 1 October 2012. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Ochir has been a professor at the Mongolian University of Science and Technology since 1965. She held the positions of assistant professor, associate professor and professor, teaching courses in petrology and petrography. She served as the head of the universitys Department of Geology and Mineralogy from 1978 to 2009. She has also served as Director of the universitys Geoscience Center since 2001.
Ochir has carried out field and basic research work through joint expeditions of the Russian and Mongolian Academies of Sciences. She is the author of over 350 scientific publications and was the lead editor of the book Mineral Resources of Mongolia.
Ochir served as vice president of the International Union of Geological Sciences for four years. She is an adjunct professor at the Institute of Mineral Resources of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences and a foreign member of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences.
Ochir is an Honoured Scientist of Mongolia. She was presented with the Jan Masaryk Medal by the Czech Ambassador in 2021. | 1 | Geochemists |
Sit Kim Ping is a Singaporean biochemist and an Emeritus Professor at the Department of Biochemistry at the National University of Singapore. She was the Head of the Department of Biochemistry (part of the Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine) from 1996 to 2000. | 0 | Biochemists |
Chayen is best known for her invention of novel protein crystallization methods. In 1990, she first published a method of suspending droplets of protein solution and precipitant solutions in low-density paraffin oil to prevent evaporation during the microbatch crystallization process. The microbatch process can be suitable for membrane proteins, which are ordinarily difficult to crystallize. Chayen's method has since been applied towards the analysis of many biomolecules that are relevant to human diseases such as cancer, HIV, diabetes, and heart disease.
In addition to her work on microbatch methods, Chayen invented a novel gel-glass nucleant now known as "Naomis Nucleant." Naomis Nucleant has been used to crystallize more than 20 proteins, the most of any single nucleant. In 2015, she collaborated with Subrayal Reddy at University of Central Lancashire to develop the first non-protein nucleant, a semi-liquid molecularly imprinted polymer designed for high-throughput screening. The nucleant was commercialized as "Chayen Reddy MIP."
Chayen's current research interests include protein crystallization, structural biology, and structural genomics and proteomics. | 0 | Biochemists |
Buccianti is the co-author, with Fabio Rosso, Fabio Vlacci, of the three-volume Italian book Metodi matematici e statistici nelle scienze della terra (2000). She is co-editor of Compositional Data Analysis in the Geosciences: From Theory to Practice (Geological Society, 2006) and Compositional Data Analysis: Theory and Applications (Wiley, 2011). | 1 | Geochemists |
In 1930, Arza Yarnal completed research in collaboration with and Ángela García de la Puerta on the subject of electrolytic oxidation of chlorides. In addition, she published distinguished works in the journal Helvética Chimica Acta and Transactions of the American Chemical Society. Also with Rius Miró, she published “Estudio del potencial del electrodo de cloro y sus aplicaciones al análisis”, in the Anales de la Sociedad Española de Física y Química in 1933, and “La oxidación electrolítica” in 1935.
She also authored additional educational publications:
* Física y Química de la vida diaria ("Physics and Chemistry in daily life") (1954 and 1959)
* Los primeros pasos en el laboratorio de Física y Química ("First steps in Physics and Chemistry labs") (1956)
* Química en Acción ("Chemistry in action") (1959).
In addition, Jenara collaborated with Inés García Escalera, professor of the Institute of Secondary Education of Alcalá de Henares, on two books:
*Lecciones de cosas ("Lessons about things") (1958)
*El mundo del saber (ciencias y letras) ("The world of knowledge (Arts and Sciences)) (1968 and 1970), later re-edited in 1982.
She also translated specialized books about the history of science such as Historia de la Química ("The History of chemistry"), by and Historia de la Física ("The History of Physics"), by . | 2 | Electrochemists |
Chayen earned her first degree in pharmacy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. During her undergraduate studies, she visited the Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology to learn histochemistry. She subsequently pursued MSc and PhD research at the Kennedy Institute. In 1983, Chayen submitted her thesis on stimulus-response coupling in smooth muscle cells and received a PhD from Brunel University London.
Chayen began her first postdoctoral fellowship at Imperial College London, where she studied the biophysics of muscle proteins. When her grant was not renewed, she joined the lab of David Mervyn Blow to develop novel protein crystallization techniques. There, she began her influential work of utilizing phase diagrams to optimize conditions for crystal growth.
Currently, Chayen is a professor of Biomedical Sciences and head of the Crystallization Group in Computational and Systems Medicine at Imperial College London. | 0 | Biochemists |
2009 marked Hornbrook's first year with the Trace Organic Gas Analyzer (TOGA) team. Based out of NCAR, the TOGA team worked on creating instrumentation to improve the measurement of mixing ratios of different VOCs. In 2011, Hornbrook authored a paper detailing a new method to measure HO and RO while better separating the two differing compounds. The method proved to be effective at measuring VOCs and trace organic gases in both group based and airborne studies. The instrumentation dramatically increased the ability to detect trace organic gases by almost tripling the amount of compounds that are able to be measured. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Carly Joanne Stevens has been awarded B.Sc. and M.Sc. degrees. In 2004 her PhD was awarded by the Open University for her work on the effects of nitrogen on grassland ecology supervised by Nancy Dise, David Gowing and Owen Mountford. It was carried out in collaboration with the NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Monks Wood. Prior to her appointment at University of Lancaster, Stevens was a research fellow at the Open University. | 1 | Geochemists |
For more, see
* Seiler, W., and R. Conrad, Contribution of tropical ecosystems to the global budget of trace gases, especially CHa, Hj, CO and N20, in The Geophysiology of Amazonia• edited by R. E. Dickinson, pp. 133–160, John Wiley, New York, 1987.
* Kramm, G., Dlugi, R., Dollard, G.J., Foken, T., Mölders, N., Müller, H., Seiler, W., Sievering, H. On the dry deposition of ozone and reactive nitrogen species. Atmospheric Environment 29 3209 - 3231, 1995.
* Wassmann, R., Neue, H.U., Lantin, R.S., Aduna, J.B., Alberto, M.C.R., Andales, M.J., Tan, M.J., Vandergon, H.A.C.D., Hoffmann, H., Papen, H., Rennenberg, H., Seiler, W. TEMPORAL PATTERNS OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM WETLAND RICE FIELDS TREATED BY DIFFERENT MODES OF N-APPLICATION. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 99 16457 - 16462, 1994.
* Martius, C., Wassmann, R., Thein, U., Bandeira, A., Rennenberg, H., Junk, W., Seiler, W. METHANE EMISSION FROM WOOD-FEEDING TERMITES IN AMAZONIA. Chemosphere 26 623 - 632, 1993.
* Wassmann, R., Schütz, H., Papen, H., Rennenberg, H., Seiler, W., Aiguo, D., Shen, R.X., Shangguan, X.J., Wang, M.X. QUANTIFICATION OF METHANE EMISSIONS FROM CHINESE RICE FIELDS (ZHEJIANG PROVINCE) AS INFLUENCED BY FERTILIZER TREATMENT. Biogeochemistry 20 83 - 101, 1993.
* Wassmann, R., Wang, M.X., Shangguan, X.J., Xie, X.L., Shen, R.X., Wang, Y.S., Papen, H., Rennenberg, H., Seiler, W. 1ST RECORDS OF A FIELD EXPERIMENT ON FERTILIZER EFFECTS ON METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE FIELDS IN HUNAN-PROVINCE (PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC-OF-CHINA). Geophysical Research Letters 20 2071 - 2074, 1993.
* Slemr, F., Seiler, W. FIELD-STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL VARIABLES CONTROLLING THE NO EMISSIONS FROM SOIL AND THE NO COMPENSATION POINT. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 96 13017 - 13031, 1991.
* Brunke, E.G., Scheel, H.E., Seiler, W. TRENDS OF TROPOSPHERIC CO, N2O AND CH4 AS OBSERVED AT CAPE POINT, SOUTH-AFRICA. Atmospheric Environment Part A-General Topics 24 585 - 595, 1990.
* Reichle, H.G., Connors, V.S., Holland, J.A., Sherrill, R.T., Wallio, H.A., Casas, J.C., Condon, E.P., Gormsen, B.B., Seiler, W. THE DISTRIBUTION OF MIDDLE TROPOSPHERIC CARBON-MONOXIDE DURING EARLY OCTOBER 1984. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 95 9845 - 9856, 1990.
* Scheel, H.E., Brunke, E.G., Seiler, W. TRACE GAS MEASUREMENTS AT THE MONITORING STATION CAPE POINT, SOUTH-AFRICA, BETWEEN 1978 AND 1988. Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 11 197 - 210, 1990.
* Schütz, H., Seiler, W., Conrad, R. INFLUENCE OF SOIL-TEMPERATURE ON METHANE EMISSION FROM RICE PADDY FIELDS. Biogeochemistry 11 77 - 95, 1990.
* Seiler, W., Crutzen P.J.: Estimates of gross and net fluxes of carbon between the biosphere and the atmosphere from biomass burning. Climate Change. 1979 | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Seinfeld joined Caltech as an assistant professor of chemical engineering in 1967. He originally continued his research in control theory, but soon became intrigued by the elevated level of smog in Los Angeles and shifted his research to investigate air pollution. At the time, atmospheric research relied on approaches like Gaussian plume models, and Seinfeld realized that his mathematical expertise could be applied to understand the underlying chemistry of the reactions occurring in the air. He then formed a research group, which formulated a chemical mechanism for ozone formation. In 1973 they developed the first large-scale urban air pollution model, which was applied to the Los Angeles basin. This work, published in three papers in the journal Atmospheric Environment, initiated a new field of scientific research devoted to the modeling of tropospheric pollution. The model also became the precursor for air pollution modeling that is now used nationwide by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
Following this research, Seinfeld recognized that important information was missing in his understanding of pollution, and he began to focus on the formation and properties of aerosols. To conduct his research, he and his Caltech colleague Richard Flagan established a "smog chamber" at the university, with which they were able to conduct controlled studies of gasses and particulates found in the atmosphere. The chamber, the first of its kind, has since become standard in atmospheric science, and Seinfeld's research in this area is now considered fundamental to the understanding of aerosols and their role in air quality and climate.
Seinfeld served as chair of the Division of Chemical Engineering and Applied Science at Caltech from 1990 to 2000. He is the author of hundreds of peer-reviewed articles and numerous books, including Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics: From Air Pollution to Climate Change, which is considered a standard text in its field. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Meredith G. Hastings is an American atmospheric chemist and a professor of earth, environmental, and planetary sciences at Brown University. Her research focuses on the reactive nitrogen cycle and how atmospheric chemistry affects climate. She is also the founder and president of the Earth Science Women's Network (ESWN). | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
In 2014 and 2016 the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, hosted academic symposiums to commemorate his life's work.
A Special Memorial Exhibition was also held in 2015 at the Dong-Eun Museum of Medical Science in Seoul, Korea. The exhibit included a collection of papers left by the late Suksin Lee. | 0 | Biochemists |
Coe has made a number of radio, TV, and press appearances as an expert on air pollution issues, including such topics as Manchester's urban pollution
and its proposed clean-air zone, the atmospheric modelling of Iceland's Eyjafjallajökull volcano eruption in 2010, and reductions in air pollution during the COVID-19 lockdowns. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
*1998 Chemical Technology Prize from the Chemical Society of Japan
*1999: Battery Division Technology Award from The Electrochemical Society
*2001: Ichimura Prizes in Industry—Meritorious Achievement Prize
*2003: Commendation for Science and Technology by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology—Prize for Science and Technology, Development Category
*2004: Medal with Purple Ribbon, from the Government of Japan
*2011: Yamazaki-Teiichi Prize from the Foundation for Promotion of Material Science and Technology of Japan
*2011: C&C Prize from the NEC C&C Foundation
*2012 : IEEE Medal for Environmental and Safety Technologies from the IEEE
*2013 : Global Energy Prize
*2014 : Charles Stark Draper Prize
*2018 : Japan Prize
*2019 : European Inventor Award
*2019 : Nobel Prize in Chemistry
*2019 : Order of Culture
*2023 : VinFuture Prize | 2 | Electrochemists |
Shamoo currently resides in Columbia, MD with his wife and occasional co-author, Bonnie Bricker; his daughter, and stepdaughter. He has two sons and another stepdaughter who also all reside in the Washington Metropolitan Area. | 0 | Biochemists |
In 2008, Meibom was awarded with the Medal for Research Excellence by the European Mineralogical Union for his contributions in the field of cosmochemistry. From 2009 to 2012, he was appointed member of the Comité National Section 18 at the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), France. In 2009 and 2017, Meibom was awarded two advanced grants by the European Research Council for projects aiming to better understand biomineralization processes by marine organisms (Project BioCarb, 2009), as well as to better understand biocarbonate-based paleo-environmental records for the oceans (Project UltraPal, 2017). | 1 | Geochemists |
Matthew Stanley Johnson (born 14 December 1966) is an American atmospheric chemistry scientist at the Department of Chemistry at the University of Copenhagen.
Johnson has made contributions to several areas of chemistry, including kinetics, spectroscopy, isotope effects and application of atmospheric chemistry knowledge to air pollution control systems.
Johnson studied chemistry at Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota. In 1995, he was awarded a PhD in Chemistry for his thesis Spectroscopy of Reactive Molecules and Clusters by the California Institute of Technology, Caltech.
After working at Bridgeman's, the Boy Scouts of America, Honeywell, Medtronic and Caltech he was awarded Fulbright Fellowship for research at the MAX-Lab accelerator at the Swedish University of Lund, and in 1998 became an assistant professor at the University of Copenhagen. In the field of kinetics he coordinates the Nordic Network for Chemical Kinetics (NoNeCK), he has twelve filed patents and over 140 publications in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.
In 2012, Johnson and Harnung published their book titled "Chemistry and the Environment".
Johnson has helped establish a series of clean tech companies including Infuser, Airlabs, Rensair, DevLabs, AirScape, Ambient Carbon and Luper Tech. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Seinfeld grew up in Elmira, New York, and attended the University of Rochester, where he earned a B.S. in chemical engineering in 1964. He then went to Princeton University, where he received a Ph.D. in chemical engineering in 1967. His doctoral dissertation, entitled "Optimal control of distributed-parameter systems," was concerned with the theory of control and optimization of distributed-parameter systems, which are systems governed by partial differential equations. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Kobozevs main focus was on catalysis and thermodynamics. The main problem in catalysis development has been the lack of a single generalized theory. Kobozev believed that the catalysis theories of his time were incapable of producing a common mechanism because they failed to explain the nature and structure of the active centers. He saw the main issue of the contemporary catalysis theories in the concept of crystalline nature of catalytic activity. In 1934 he introduced the term electrocatalysis'.
In 1939, connecting the kinetic analysis method with the heterogenous catalysis, he introduced the theory of active ensembles which regarded how many atoms of metal catalyst can produce a catalytically active center.
In his research he had estimated the minimal number of catalytically active atoms in aggregates for some chemical reactions. He argued that the active centers were factored by energy rather than crystalline structures.
He called the minimal group of atoms showing catalytic activity active ensemble. However, he believed that the motion of such active ensembles was limited by special migration areas. Kobozev showcased how the number of atoms in an active ensemble and the average rate of a migration area could be determined by a change in specific activity I on the spread of a catalyst over the surface of a carrier. His study had revealed a connection between the typical heterogenous catalysis and the activity of complex enzymatic catalysts. In 1936 together with A. M. Dubrovskaya, Kobozev demonstrated that regular promoters on the surface of a catalyst are in larger concentration, than inside the phase, while in some cases promoter's presence on the surface brings about decline in catalytic activity.
It had been discovered that in heterogenous catalysis a solid body engages in the reaction not by the entire surface but by a small part of some active surface elements acting in the background of the large inactive crystalline mass of a catalyst. Kobozev had noticed that for some catalysts active surface was only 0.05%, therefore, he had supposed that such active centers were not crystalline but small groups of random atoms. Consequently, he had concluded that catalytic activity takes place not in the crystalline, but the amorphous, precrystalline, phase.
He had also noticed that the crystalline phase was made of a cellular, or mosaic, structure – an aggregate made of closed cells (migration areas) surrounded by energetic and geometrical barriers impermeable to atoms of the surface, thus remaining isolated. Getting into migration area, as if hollows, atoms gather at the bottom, i.e. in place of maximum adsorbsion potential, creating ensembles. So formed ensembles of atoms of a certain composition, are active centers on an inactive catalytic carrier Kobozev had studied dissolution of active substance on an inert carrier and found out that increased dissolution resulted in rise in catalytic activity, while minimum of active substance brought about formation of maximally active catalysts. Kobozev had also proposed a formula calculating the number of atoms engaged in active centers.
Kobozevs research showed that the most active ensembles consisted of 2 or 3 atoms, which corresponded with Balandins theory.
Kobozev and his students argued that activation of catalyst particles for the reaction has two factors: adsorbsion, i.e. interaction of an ion or atom with particles of a catalyst, and formation of an active center, i.e. interaction of catalyst's particles, which can, however, play separately.
Catalysts activity can be significantly increased by including larger and thermadynamically unstable masses, which he named aggravation (1946) when increase of catalysts activity is factored by complication of its molecule (increase of molecular mass). So he and his co-workers tried to explain superactivity of enzymes in catalysis.
Kobozev's theory of active ensembles contradicted the contemporary works on the relationship between activity and dispersion in catalysis which argued that catalytic activity of a solid body was higher with rise in the level of dispersion.
Further research of the relationship between dispersion and catalytic activity showed that crystalline structures, indeed, had catalystic activity, and his theory hadnt been accepted. Kobozevs catalysts had been proved to be of little production potential, while crystalline catalysts used in industry were fully accepted for their high output.
Kobozev's theory is believed to be practically implemented only if the amount of metal catalyst is small and the object has a block shape.
Kobozev expressed the idea of recuperation of energy that, held by the group of atoms connected to the active center, can partly activate molecules of a new substrate contacting the catalyst.
Kobozev took part in developments by professor Shpitalsky regarding the theory of intermediate products in the homogenous catalysis. Based on catalytic and enzymatic degradation of hydrogen peroxide, Kobozev showcased how studying the results of kinetic research can reveal the chemical composition and physical properties of those intermediate products that had before been only vaguely assumed in literature. | 2 | Electrochemists |
During the Second World War, Frumkin led a large team of scientists and engineers involved in defense issues. This contribution did not save him from being dismissed in 1949 as the director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry, when he was accused of cosmopolitanism.
Frumkin's most fundamental achievement was the fundamental theory of electrode reactions, which describes the influence of the structure of the interface between electrode and solution on the rate of electron transfer, especially emphasizing the involvement of the solvated electron and its free energy of solvation. This theory has been confirmed and extended within the framework of contemporary physical electron transfer models. Frumkin introduced the concept of the zero charge potential, the most important characteristic of a metal surface. The effect of adsorption on observed electrode kinetics is known as the Frumkin effect.
Alessandro Voltas question—a topic of discussion for over 120 years—about the nature of the EMF of electrochemical circuits was resolved using Frumkins approach. Frumkin has developed the Frumkin isotherm, an extension of the Langmuir isotherm in describing certain adsorption phenomena. Frumkins students developed novel experimental methods that would, in time, become standard. Several applied electrochemical processes, including ones related to chemical sources of electrical power, industrial electrolysis, and anti-corrosion protection, were successfully developed under Frumkins supervision. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Valerie has two daughters, and her father is the honorary president of the Johannesburg Sephardic Hebrew Congregation. She grew up speaking Judeo-Spanish at home. | 0 | Biochemists |
John Alfred Valentine Butler (14 February 1899 – 16 July 1977) was an English physical chemist best known for his contributions to the development of electrode kinetics (Butler–Volmer equation). | 2 | Electrochemists |
Schoell received the 1995 AAPG Best Paper Award and was recognized by the American Association of Petroleum Geologists as authoring one of the top twenty most notable geology-related papers of the 1980s. Specifically, the AAPG recognized Schoell for his paper "Genetic Characterization of Natural Gasses" which describes how the correlation between C concentration, the variation of carbon and hydrogen isotopes in methane, and carbon isotope variation in ethane can be used to qualitatively characterize the composition of natural gasses.
In 2008, Schoell received the annual Alfred Treibs Award. This award is given on a yearly basis by the Geochemical Society in recognition of scientists whose research has made significant contributions to the understanding of geochemical processes. Schoell received this honour in response to his work with stable isotope analyses which revolutionized fossil fuel research and greenhouse gas tracing. | 1 | Geochemists |
Christine Wiedinmyer is an American atmospheric chemist who is research scientist in the Atmospheric Chemistry Division of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. She has a Ph.D. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin.
Wiedinmyer developed the Fire INventory from NCAR (FINN), "a high resolution global fire emissions model now used by local, regional, and global chemical modelers to better quantify the impacts of fire emissions on atmospheric composition, both in hindsight and forecast model applications." She used the model to estimate that the 2010 Russian wildfires liberated 22 teragrams of carbon monoxide, though this amount was less than the cumulative carbon monoxide emissions of 2012 and 2003. Wiedinmyer discovered that in the long run, controlled burning of forests will produce up to sixty percent less carbon dioxide emissions compared to the full-fledged wildfires they prevented. Undergrowth will be destroyed by the controlled burns while carbon-rich mature trees survive. Without removing the undergrowth, wildfires can quickly escalate out of control using the undergrowth as fuel, and then burn down mature trees as well.
Wiedinmyer is also a co-founder of the Earth Science Women's Network (ESWN). | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Stein Bjornar Jacobsen (born 1950) is a Norwegian-American geochemist who works within cosmochemistry.
Hailing from Drammen, he finished a cand.mag. degree at the University of Oslo before studying geology in California with a Rotary grant. Jacobsen became a professor of geochemistry at Harvard University.
He was an inducted into the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters in 1994. In 2009 he was inducted into the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, mainly for using "the distribution of long-lived and extinct radioisotopes to date the formation of the earth's core and to define the effects of core separation on the early history of the core-mantle-crust system". | 1 | Geochemists |
Chiara Giorio is an Italian atmospheric chemist who is an Assistant Professor in the Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry at the University of Cambridge, a Fellow of Christ's College and a Fellow of the Community for Analytical Measurement Science.
Her research is focused on the chemistry of the Earth’s atmosphere and its impact on air quality and climate. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Jay Quade (born December 13, 1955) is an American geochemist and geologist. He is known for pioneering research applying geochemical isotopic methods for investigations of tectonics, global climate change, and the paleontology of Darwinian evolution. | 1 | Geochemists |
In 2011, Farmer joined the Colorado State University. Farmer studies outdoor and indoor atmospheric chemistry. She looks to understand the sources and sinks of trace gases in the atmosphere. She spent 2014 as a Resident Fellow in the Colorado State University School of Global Environmental Sustainability.
Farmer studied the impact of wildfires on air quality. She used data from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Southern Great Plains observatory. She made her measurements using an ultra-high-sensitivity aerosol spectrometer The spectrometer uses a laser to determine the size of aerosol particles.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Farmer studied the quality of indoor air.
Farmer was awarded the American Geophysical Union Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Award in 2022. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
In 1967 he discovered satellite DNA in plants. Through his research from 1972 to 1975, it was found that closely related species of one genus differ in satellite DNA content. In 1986 he published the monograph Satellite DNA in Springer Edition. In 2013 this monograph was edited as an eBOOK.
In 2011-17 he established a complete nucleotide sequence of four Georgian grape varieties, nuclear, chloroplast and mitochondria.
In 2015-21 he established a complete chloroplast DNA sequence of Georgian wheat species
In 1967, he defended his Candidate's Dissertation. In 1980, he defended his doctoral dissertation in the Bakh Institute of Biochemistry, Moscow. He is elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of Georgia in 1987 and a full member in 1993.
Beridze held various positions in Soviet and Georgian institutions since 1960s. | 0 | Biochemists |
For being a somewhat unconventional scientist he was severely criticized by some of his colleagues. In 1950, the Soviet chemist V. Goldansky published an article entitled "Pseudoscience of professor N. I. Kobozev", in which Kobozevs studies were called quasi-science, while he was compared with physical idealists. The author of the publication expressed concern that Kobozevs concepts could have negative impact on his students and colleagues averting them from real science.
Amongst opponents of Kobozev was the electrochemist and academician Alexander Frumkin. The polemic between the two reflected the political and scientific schism between the Soviet academic scientists focused on inventing the nuclear bomb and the Moscow university scientists. Their conflict was summed up by attempts to prove the other wrong on fundamental points. However, it was A. Frumkin who suggested that Kobozev would get employed with the Karpov Institute of Physical Chemistry and abandon the Moscow University, which Kobozev declined.
In 1938 old and famed Russian scientists N. D. Zelinsky and N. S. Kurnakov recommended the 34-year-old Kobozev for the full membership in the Soviet Academy of Sciences, but he was rejected. There had been four or five attempts. According to Kobozevs wife, either Frumkin or Nesmeyanov said that since Kobozev was ill he wouldnt attend the meetings and his candidacy was never considered again.
In 1946 N. D. Zelinsky so said about Kobozev, "Soviet science can be proud of Kobozev's work ... as a great success. I personally recommend works of professor N. I. Kobozev for the Stalin prize in chemistry and believe that they deserve such a high award." Kobozev rejected the initiative himself; in his letter from March 23, 1954, he explained why his candidacy for the Stalin prize should be declined by that he had not submitted academic writings for 1953 and did not go through the assessment at the Academic Board of the Moscow University.
Kobozev had found himself in conflict with the famous physicist Lev Landau. At one of the conferences, Landau severely criticized the presentation of V.K. Semenchenko. Later Kobozev declared that he wouldnt give the speech if Landau failed to apologize. Landau followed Kobozevs demand, but the latter had since faced strong opposition from the Soviet society of physicists, which negatively affected his academic career. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Lane Allen Baker is an American electrochemist who is presently the Carl D. McAfee '90 Chair of Analytical Chemistry in the Department of Chemistry at Texas A&M University. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Brigitte Zanda (born July 29, 1958) is a French meteoriticist, astrophysicist, and cosmochemist. She is an associate professor at the National Museum of Natural History (MNHN) in Paris, affiliated with the Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie.
As a teacher-researcher, she specializes in primitive meteorites: chondrites. In 2019–2020, she served as the vice president of the Meteoritical Society. Additionally, she is the co-director of the observation network and the coordinator-manager of the participatory science project Vigie-Ciel. | 1 | Geochemists |
* 2000 Outstanding Graduate Research Award from the Wirt and Mary Cornell Prize
* 2003 American Chemical Society (PMSE Division), Arthur K. Doolittle Award
* 2007 YWCA Rising Star
* 2007 OH Bioscience Thirty in Their 30s Award
* 2012 American Society of Gene and Cell Therapy Outstanding New Investigator Award
* 2012 American Chemical Society, Polymer Materials: Science and Engineering Division Macro 2012 Lecture Award
* 2016 American Institute for Medical and Biological Engineering Fellow
* 2016 University of Minnesota Sara Evans Faculty Woman Scholar/Leader Award
* 2016 University of Minnesota George W. Taylor Award for Distinguished Research
* 2017 American Chemical Society Polymer Chemistry Division Carl S. Marvel Creative Polymer Chemistry Award
* 2018 Danisco Foundation DuPont Nutrition and Health Science Excellence Medal
* 2018 American Chemical Society POLY Fellow Award
* 2018 Big 10 Alliance Academic Leadership Program Fellow | 0 | Biochemists |
* 2014 Monomers, polymers and articles containing the same from sugar derived compounds
* 2018 Isosorbide-based polymethacrylates | 0 | Biochemists |
Srinivasan Sampath (born 1961) is an Indian electrochemist, nanotechnologist and a professor of the department of chemistry at Indian Institute of Science. He is known for his studies on supercapacitors and nano bimetallics. He is an elected fellow of the Indian Academy of Sciences and the Indian National Science Academy. The Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, the apex agency of the Government of India for scientific research, awarded him the Shanti Swarup Bhatnagar Prize for Science and Technology, one of the highest Indian science awards, in 2006, for his contributions to chemical sciences. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Pons was born in Valdese, North Carolina. He attended Valdese High School, then Wake Forest University in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, where he studied chemistry. He began his PhD studies in chemistry at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, but left before completing his PhD. His thesis resulted in a paper, co-authored in 1967 with Harry B. Mark, his adviser. The New York Times wrote that it pioneered a way to measure the spectra of chemical reactions on the surface of an electrode.
He decided to finish his PhD in England at the University of Southampton, where in 1975 he met Martin Fleischmann. Pons was a student in Alan Bewick's group; he earned his PhD in 1978. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Hattori argued that the prevailing view for volcano formation in arcs ic arc formation, that water is released rapidly from subducting slabs when they are metamorphosed to eclogite facies, is inconsistent with geological evidence. Instead, she proposed an alternative mechanism, suggesting that water is continuously released from slabs and stored as serpentinites (hydrated mantle rocks) and stressed that the subsequent dehydration of these serpentinites triggers the formation of arc volcanoes. Her work has established the importance and distribution of serpentinites on the major ocean floors, which control seismic activity and may potentially have played a role in the origin of life on the planet.
Additionally, Hattori's work highlighted that heavy metals and metalloids, such as arsenic and antimony, are generally considered to be concentrated in sulphides, but under sulphur-deficient conditions, these elements behave like normal rock-forming elements. | 1 | Geochemists |
Salahuddin was President of Society of Biological Chemists SBC (India) from 1989 to 1990; a Member of the editorial board of Indian Journal of Biochemistry and Biophysics(1985–1988); Visiting Associate Professor, University of Maryland 1975; Member of Protein Society, Bethesda, USA(1995-1997); Member of the New York Academy of Science, New York(1995-1996); Member of the executive committee of the Society of Biological Chemists, India(1974-1975); Member of the executive committee of Indian Biophysical Society, India (1991–1993); Member of the Guha Research Conference, India (1987–1992); and Member of Sigma Xi (USA). | 0 | Biochemists |
Roy Michael Harrison was born on 14 October 1948 to Wilfred and Rosa Harrison (). He was educated at Henley Grammar School and the University of Birmingham, where he was awarded a Bachelor of Science degree in chemistry in 1969, followed by a PhD in organic chemistry in 1972 and a Doctor of Science degree in environmental chemistry in 1989. His PhD research investigated sigmatropic reactions of tropolone ethers. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Watson received a PhD in gas phase chemical kinetics (atmospheric chemistry) from Queen Mary College, University of London in 1973. He has received awards for his contributions to science, including the NAS Award for Scientific Reviewing from the National Academy of Sciences in 1992, the American Association for the Advancement of Science Award for Scientific Freedom and Responsibility in 1993, the insignia of Honorary Companion of St Michael and St George from the British Government in 2003, and the Champions of the Earth Award from the United Nations Environment Programme in 2014. In 2020 he was elected to the American Philosophical Society. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Keiko Hattori is a geochemist and mineralogist. She is Distinguished University Professor of Geochemistry and Mineral Deposits in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Ottawa.
Hattori is most known for her research on aspects of Earth's atmospheric and mantle evolution, as well as the formation of arc volcanoes and the generation of metal-fertile volcanic arcs. Her application of this knowledge has led to insights regarding the origins and locations of mineral deposits. Specifically, she has conducted research on the transfer of chalcophile elements (copper-like elements) from slabs to arc magmas through mantle wedges, as well as from arc magmas to mineral deposits. Additionally, her work has encompassed exploration geochemistry, where she has investigated the dispersion of metals from buried deposits including platinum and palladium in surface media. She was appointed as the 2022 International Exchange Lecturer of the Society of Economic Geologists (SEG), and has been the recipient of the Island Arc Award and the Takeo Kato Gold Medal.
Hattori is an elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada and Mineralogical Society of America. | 1 | Geochemists |
Crutzen was also a leader in promoting the theory of nuclear winter. Together with John W. Birks he wrote the first publication introducing the subject: The atmosphere after a nuclear war: Twilight at noon (1982). They theorized the potential climatic effects of the large amounts of sooty smoke from fires in the forests and in urban and industrial centers and oil storage facilities, which would reach the middle and higher troposphere. They concluded that absorption of sunlight by the black smoke could lead to darkness and strong cooling at the earth's surface, and a heating of the atmosphere at higher elevations, thus creating atypical meteorological and climatic conditions which would jeopardize agricultural production for a large part of the human population.
In a Baltimore Sun newspaper article printed in January 1991, along with his nuclear winter colleagues, Crutzen hypothesized that the climatic effects of the Kuwait oil fires would result in "significant" nuclear winter-like effects; continental-sized effects of sub-freezing temperatures. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Bharat graduated with a BA in Biological Sciences from the University of Oxford, UK. His studies were supported by a Rhodes Scholarship. He then undertook research at the European Molecular Biology Laboratory in Heidelberg, Germany for his PhD working with John A. G. Briggs. He studied the structure and assembly of pathogenic viruses using cryogenic electron microscopy and tomography. His work on several viral capsid proteins improved understanding of how viruses are assembled within infected cells. | 0 | Biochemists |
Schoell was born in Germany, although the bulk of his career and adult life he has spent in the United States. Since retiring, Schoell resides in California. Aside from his research, Schoell has experience in winemaking. | 1 | Geochemists |
Harrison is an expert on air pollution, specialising in the area of airborne particulates, including nanoparticles. His interests extend from source emissions, through atmospheric chemical and physical transformations, to human exposures and effects upon health. His most significant work has been in the field of vehicle emitted particles, including their chemical composition and atmospheric processing. This forms the basis of the current understanding of the relationship of emissions to roadside concentrations and size distributions.
In addition to leading a large project on diesel exhaust particles, he is also engaged in major collaborative studies of processes determining air quality in Beijing and Delhi. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Canuels early research examined particles in the eastern tropical North Pacific Ocean, and lipid biomarkers in particles from North Carolina and San Francisco. She has examined the degradation of organic matter newly-placed on sediments, and anoxia in the Chesapeake Bay. Her research in Chesapeake Bay also considers how the source of organic matter to the bay impacts water quality. Canuels use of stable isotopes extends to examining stable isotope ratios in plants from San Francisco Bay, the use of stable isotopes to track sources of organic matter in estuaries,
how climate change will impact carbon cycling at the border between the land and the ocean and examining the age of organic matter in estuaries. | 1 | Geochemists |
Tami Bond holds the Walter Scott, Jr. Presidential Chair in Energy, Environment and Health at Colorado State University since 2019. For many years she was a professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Illinois, and an affiliate professor of Atmospheric Science. Bond has focused research on the effective study of black carbon or soot in the atmosphere. She is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union. A MacArthur Fellowship was awarded to her in 2014. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
After studying at the Carol I High School in Craiova, he went to the School of Bridges, Roads and Mines in Bucharest. After graduating in 1891, he worked as a civil engineer for three years. He went to France to study physics at the University of Paris. In 1904 he was awarded a PhD in physics for his thesis Recherches sur leffet magnétique des corps electrisés en mouvement (Research on the magnetic effect of electrified bodies in motion'). After a year as a professor at the University of Lille, he returned to Romania to teach at the School of Bridges, Roads and Mines, where he was appointed director in February 1920. As a result of his efforts, the School was transformed later that year into the Polytechnic University of Bucharest. Vasilescu Karpen was the first rector of this university, serving in that capacity until 1940.
In 1908(?) he is said to have invented the . He was the engineer who introduced a permanent wire telecom bridge between Brașov and Bucharest. He introduced electrically transmitted "wired telegrams" in the Romanian Old Kingdom by 1920. He became a titular member of the Romanian Academy in 1923; stripped of membership by the new communist regime in 1948, he was restored to the academy in 1955. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Giorio was born and grew up in Vicenza (Italy). She attended the “Liceo Scientifico G.B. Quadri” where she became interested in Chemistry. She then studied at the University of Padova where she received her Bachelors degree in 2006 and Masters degree in 2008 in chemistry. Giorio attained a PhD in Molecular Sciences from the University of Padova on 28 February 2012. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
He carried out his doctoral studies at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut, United States, obtaining his Ph.D. in 1961 under the tutorship of Prof. F.M. Richards. He did post doctoral work with Prof. Fritz Lipmann at Rockefeller University and with Marshall Warren Nirenberg at NIH.
During the 1960s, his research was focused on protein synthesis, a field in which he made crucial contributions. In the 1970s he was a pioneer in studying the mechanism of hormonal induction of oocyte maturation. His later research is focused in two ubiquitous protein kinases, CK1 and CK2, involved in the phosphorylation of key cellular proteins.
He devoted much of his life to organizing activities for the scientific integration in Latin America especially through organizing series of training courses in molecular biology techniques, and through the creation of the Latin American Network of Biological Sciences.
In recent years, Doctor Allende has been an promoter of science education through his personal commitment in several projects, like the Science Education Inquiry Based program, funded by the University of Chile, and through his participation in the Allende-Connelly Foundation, founded by him and his wife.
Though he retired from active science in 2009, he remains a professor at the Faculty of Medicine. He was also Research Vice President of the University of Chile.
He published his autobiography in 2010. | 0 | Biochemists |
*Goldschmidt was created a Knight of the Order of St. Olav in 1929.
*While at the Macaulay Institute, Goldschmidt was elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society, given an honorary Doctor of Laws (LLD) by the University of Aberdeen and awarded the Wollaston Medal, the highest honor of the Geological Society of London.
*The mountain ridge Goldschmidtfjella in Oscar II Land at Spitsbergen is named after him.
*The mineral goldschmidtite (KNbO) was named in his honour (IMA2018-034).
*The V. M. Goldschmidt Medal is awarded annually by The Geochemical Society | 1 | Geochemists |
Boering is married to Ronald C. Cohen who is Director Berkeley Atmospheric Science Center. Cohen is the son of Adele Cohen. Boering and Cohen have two children, one of whom was born a few days after she submitted her package for tenure. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Coe studies the physics and chemistry of aerosols in the atmosphere, including the part they play in climate change through interactions with clouds and solar radiation. He also studies the role of aerosols in the transport of air pollution, including regional and transboundary (long-distance) pollution caused by biomass burning and atmospheric dust. Coe has worked on air pollution studies in the UK, India, and China, and was the principal investigator of a major study into air pollution in the Indo-Gangetic Plain.
Coe has also helped to develop new analytic techniques for studying air pollution. These include "transformative" approaches to aerosol mass spectrometry, which have led to "an unprecedented understanding of the global distribution of atmospheric fine particulate matter composition", and using the single particle soot photometer for studying how particulates are transported. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Lin moved to the University of California, Berkeley for his postdoctoral research, where he worked in the lab of Christopher Chang. While studying electrocatalysis in Chang's lab, he became aware of the use of porous materials like covalent organic frameworks (COFs) to absorb carbon dioxide. In collaboration with the Yaghi group, Lin showed that porphyrin-containing COFs could catalyze the electrocatalytic reduction of CO to CO under applied current and in an aqueous environment.
Lin began his independent career at Cornell University where his groups research has focused on the identification of novel synthetic pathways for medicinally relevant compounds. He focuses on the use of electrochemistry to drive chemical reactions. Electrochemistry can make organic synthesis cheaper and more environmentally friendly. For example, Lin demonstrated an electrochemical approach to synthesize 1,2-diamines from alkenes, which are useful precursors to bioactive natural products, therapeutic agents, and molecular catalysts. More recently, Lins group has developed a method to directly couple alkyl halides using electrochemistry, providing a promising approach towards this difficult chemical transformation. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Hattori developed analytical methods that demonstrated the high mobility of palladium as soluble neutral to anionic complexes in surface waters. This behavior allows the metal to disperse widely from its sources, and to become incorporated into plants and organic-rich soil. Her research findings have been presented at various industry-oriented workshops, including short courses associated with the International Platinum Conference in Oulu, Finland, and the Prospectors and Developers Association meeting in Toronto. In addition, her research provided a contrasting perspective to the previously assumed origin of metals in peat from the Hudson Bay Lowland. While it was previously assumed that the metals in peat originated from industrial activity far south of the northern region, she demonstrated that the compositions of ombrotrophic peat are strongly influenced by the underlying rocks, even those located as deep as 20 metres below the surface. This observation further highlighted that the composition of peat may serve as a useful indicator to locate concealed deposits, including kimberlites, which are host to diamonds.
Hattori also examined sturdy minerals that can be dispersed by streams and glaciers to evaluate their usefulness in finding mineral deposits. | 1 | Geochemists |
Hastings work has been published in several scientific journals, including Science, The Journal of Geophysical Research, Environmental Science & Technology, and Analytical Chemistry'. Her most cited publications are listed below:
* KL Casciotti, DM Sigman, MG Hastings, JK Böhlke, A Hilker (2002) Measurement of the oxygen isotopic composition of nitrate in seawater and freshwater using the denitrifier method. Analytical Chemistry, 74 (19), 4905-4912
* MG Hastings, JC Jarvis, EJ Steig (2009) Anthropogenic impacts on nitrogen isotopes of ice-core nitrate. Science, 324 (5932), 1288-1288
* B Alexander, MG Hastings, DJ Allman, J Dachs, JA Thornton, SA Kunasek (2009) Quantifying atmospheric nitrate formation pathways based on a global model of the oxygen isotopic composition (Δ 17 O) of atmospheric nitrate. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 9 (14), 5043-5056 | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Molina joined the lab of Professor F. Sherwood Rowland in 1973 as a postdoctoral fellow. Here, Molina continued Rowland's pioneering research into "hot atom" chemistry, which is the study of chemical properties of atoms with excess translational energy owing to radioactive processes.
This study soon led to research into chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), apparently harmless gases that were used in refrigerants, aerosol sprays, and the making of plastic foams. CFCs were being released by human activity and were known to be accumulating in the atmosphere. The basic scientific question Molina asked was "What is the consequence of society releasing something to the environment that wasn't there before?"
Rowland and Molina had investigated compounds similar to CFCs before. Together they developed the CFC ozone depletion theory, by combining basic scientific knowledge about the chemistry of ozone, CFCs and atmospheric conditions with computer modelling. First Molina tried to figure out how CFCs could be decomposed. At lower levels of the atmosphere, they were inert. Molina realized that if CFCs released into the atmosphere do not decay by other processes, they will continually rise to higher altitudes. Higher in the atmosphere, different conditions apply. The highest levels of the stratosphere are exposed to the sun's ultraviolet light. A thin layer of ozone floating high in the stratosphere protects lower levels of the atmosphere from that type of radiation.
Molina theorized that photons from ultraviolet light, known to break down oxygen molecules, could also break down CFCs, releasing a number of products including chlorine atoms into the stratosphere. Chlorine atoms (Cl) are radicals: they have an unpaired electron and are very reactive. Chlorine atoms react easily with ozone molecules (O), removing one oxygen atom to leave O and chlorine monoxide (ClO).
:Cl· + → ClO· +
ClO is also a radical, which reacts with another ozone molecule to release two more O molecules and a Cl atom.
:ClO· + → Cl· + 2
The radical Cl atom is not consumed by this pair of reactions, so it remains in the system.
Molina and Rowland predicted that chlorine atoms, produced by this decomposition of CFCs, would act as an ongoing catalyst for the destruction of ozone. When they calculated the amounts involved, they realized that CFCs could start a seriously damaging chain reaction to the ozone layer in the stratosphere.
In 1974, as a postdoctoral researcher at University of California, Irvine, Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland co-authored a paper in the journal Nature highlighting the threat of CFCs to the ozone layer in the stratosphere. At the time, CFCs were widely used as chemical propellants and refrigerants. Molina and Rowland followed up the short Nature paper with a 150-page report for the United States Atomic Energy Commission (AEC), which they made available at the September 1974 meeting of the American Chemical Society in Atlantic City. This report and an ACS-organized press conference, in which they called for a complete ban on further releases of CFCs into the atmosphere, brought national attention.
Rowland and Molinas findings were disputed by commercial manufacturers and chemical industry groups, and a public consensus on the need for action only began to emerge in 1976 with the publication of a review of the science by the National Academy of Sciences. Rowland and Molinas work was further supported by evidence of the long-term decrease in stratospheric ozone over Antarctica, published by Joseph C. Farman and his co-authors in Nature in 1985. Ongoing work led to the adoption of the Montreal Protocol (an agreement to cut CFC production and use) by 56 countries in 1987, and to further steps towards the worldwide elimination of CFCs from aerosol cans and refrigerators. By establishing this protocol, the amount of CFCs being emitted into the atmosphere decreased significantly, and while doing so, it has paced the rate of ozone depletion and even slowed climate change. It is for this work that Molina later shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1995 with Paul J. Crutzen and F. Sherwood Rowland. The citation specifically recognized him and his co-awardees for "their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone."
Following this in 1985, after Joseph Farman discovered a hole in the ozone layer in Antarctica, Mario Molina led a research team to further investigate the cause of rapid ozone depletion in Antarctica. It was found that the stratospheric conditions in Antarctica were ideal for chlorine activation, which ultimately causes ozone depletion. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Ramanathan has contributed to many areas of the atmospheric sciences. His first major findings were in the mid-1970s and were related to the greenhouse effect of CFCs and other trace gases Until that time, carbon dioxide was thought to be the sole greenhouse gas responsible for global warming. He also contributed to the early development of global circulation models and the detecting and attribution of climate change.
His focus then shifted to the radiative effects of clouds on the climate. This was done using the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment (ERBE), which showed that clouds have a large cooling effect on the planet. ERBE was also able to measure the greenhouse effect without the use of climate models.
Recently, he has published on the aerosol radiative properties. His work has shown that aerosols have a cooling effect on the surface of the planet, and at the top of the atmosphere, but the forcing at the top of the atmosphere was only one-third the magnitude as the surface forcing. This has implications for the hydrologic cycle. While working on the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment, he discovered that absorbing black carbonaceous aerosols have a larger influence on climate than previously thought, which led to the development of the Indian Ocean Experiment (INDOEX). In the 1990s, he led the Indian Ocean Experiment with Paul Crutzen and discovered the widespread existence of atmospheric brown clouds covering much of the Indian Ocean region. They found that the vast majority of the aerosols were anthropogenic in origin, and that the surface cooling caused by the aerosols is more important than the atmospheric heating. These atmospheric brown clouds may have masked as much as 50% of the surface heating caused by the increase in carbon dioxide, and caused reduced precipitation during the Indian monsoon.
Ramanathan is also interested in the impact of climate change on agriculture in India. While atmospheric brown clouds partially offset the warming due from carbon dioxide, their effect on agriculture has been less certain. A statistical rice model couple to a regional climate model has shown that reductions of both carbon dioxide and atmospheric brown clouds will increase crop yield.
He has also written on avoiding dangerous anthropogenic climate change. Ramanathan writes that there are several tipping points in the climate system, and that they do not all occur at the same temperature threshold; the tipping point for the arctic summer sea ice is likely to be smaller than that for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. While the planet has seen an observed warming of 0.6 °C since pre-industrial times, it has already most likely committed itself to 2.4 °C (1.4 °C to 4.3 °C) of warming. These values surpass several of the tipping point thresholds. In a 2014 paper, Ramanathan and co-authors suggested that mitigating methane, soot, ozone and hydrofluorocarbons in the atmosphere could reduce the expected sea level rise due to climate change. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Martin Fleischmann FRS (29 March 1927 – 3 August 2012) was a British chemist who worked in electrochemistry. Premature announcement of his cold fusion research with Stanley Pons, regarding excess heat in heavy water, caused a media sensation and elicited skepticism and criticism from many in the scientific community. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Rowland won numerous awards for his work:
*Tolman Medal, 1976
*Elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
*Leo Szilard Lectureship Award, 1979
*Tyler Prize for Environmental Achievement, 1983
*Japan Prize, 1989
*Honorary Doctor of Science (Sc.D.) degree from Whittier College, 1989
*Peter Debye Award, 1993
*Albert Einstein World Award of Science, 1994
*Roger Revelle Medal, 1994
*Nobel Prize in Chemistry, 1995
*Elected to the American Philosophical Society (1995)
*Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement, 1996
*In 1998, the UC Irvine physical sciences building was named after Rowland. A bust of Rowland is visible in the lobby.
* Elected a Foreign Member of the Royal Society (ForMemRS) in 2004
* Mount Rowland in Antarctica was named after him in 2007
*STEM Wing At Rutherford B. Hayes High School in Delaware, Ohio named in his honor | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Chin has served as principal investigator for many research projects since 1997 that involve global and regional modeling of tropospheric aerosols and chemistry. She and her coworkers have developed the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport (GOCART) model, which has been used to simulate tropospheric aerosols and related gas species, CO, and radionuclides for climate, air quality, and global change studies, with a special focus on analysis of satellite and sub-orbital observations.
Chin's research at GSFC includes aerosol-cloud-chemistry-climate interactions, regional and global air quality, transport of aerosols and trace gases, aerosol impacts on global energy balance, and modeling and analysis of data from satellite, ground-based, and airborne observations. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Robert Angus Smith FRS (15 February 1817 – 12 May 1884) was a Scottish chemist, who investigated numerous environmental issues. He is known for his research on air pollution in 1852, in the course of which he discovered what came to be known as acid rain. He is sometimes referred to as the Father of Acid Rain. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
In 2002, Arlene Fiore cofounded Earth Science Women's Network (ESWN). Members of this organization lead workshops about career development and equality in the workplace for female students and professionals. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
* 2014 American Society for Mass Spectrometry Research Award
* 2018 American Chemical Society James J. Morgan ES&T Lectureship
* 2018 Eastern Analytical Symposium Young Investigator Award
* 2018 United States Department of Energy Early Career Award
* 2018 Analytical Scientist Top 40 under 40 Power List
* 2020 College of Literature, Science, and the Arts Class of 1923 Memorial Teaching Award
* 2021 American Meteorological Society Henry G. Houghton Award
* 2021 American Geophysical Union Atmospheric Sciences Ascent Award | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Crutzen was born in Amsterdam, the son of Anna (Gurk) and Josef Crutzen. In September 1940, the same year Germany invaded The Netherlands, Crutzen entered his first year of elementary school. After many delays and school switches caused by events in the war, Crutzen graduated from elementary school and moved onto "Hogere Burgerschool" (Higher Citizens School) in 1946, where he became fluent in French, English, and German. Along with languages he also focused on natural sciences in this school, from which he graduated in 1951. After this he studied Civil Engineering at a technical school, completed his military service, and married. In 1958, he moved his young family to Gävle. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
is a Japanese chemist. He is a fellow of Asahi Kasei Corporation and a professor at Meijo University in Nagoya. He created the first safe, production-viable lithium-ion battery, which became used widely in cellular phones and notebook computers. Yoshino was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2019 alongside M. Stanley Whittingham and John B. Goodenough. | 2 | Electrochemists |
Elizabeth A. Canuel is a chemical oceanographer known for her work on organic carbon cycling in aquatic environments. She is the Chancellor Professor of Marine Science at the College of William & Mary and is an elected fellow of the Geochemical Society and the European Association of Geochemistry. | 1 | Geochemists |
Gerischer studied chemistry at the University of Leipzig between 1937 and 1944 with a two-year interruption because of military service. In 1942, he was expelled from the German army because his mother was born Jewish; he was thus found “undeserving to have a part in the great victories of the German Army.” The war years were difficult for Gerischer, and his mother committed suicide on the eve of her 65th birthday in 1943. His only sister, Ruth (born in 1913), lived underground after escaping from a Gestapo prison and was subsequently killed in an air raid in 1944.
In Leipzig, Gerischer joined the group of Karl-Friedrich Bonhöffer, a member of a distinguished family, whose members were persecuted and murdered because of their opposition to Nazi ideology. Bonhöffer descended from an illustrious chemical lineage of Wilhelm Ostwald (1853–1932) and Walther Hermann Nernst (1864–1941). He kindled Gerischer’s interest in electrochemistry, supervising his doctoral work on oscillating reactions on electrode surfaces. Gerischer completed his doctoral thesis in 1946. Gerischer followed Bonhöffer to Berlin where his Ph.D. supervisor had accepted the directorship of the Institute of Physical Chemistry at the Humboldt University of Berlin. There he also became the department head at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Physical Chemistry in Berlin-Dahlem (later the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society). Gerischer himself was appointed as an “Assistänt”; in 1970 he would return to the Fritz Haber Institute as its Director. With the Berlin Blockade and the prevailing economic conditions, the post-war research was carried out under extremely difficult conditions.
Gerischer met his future wife, Renate Gersdorf, at the University of Leipzig where she was doing her diploma work with Conrad Weygand. They were married in Berlin in October 1948. In 1949 Gerischer moved his young family to Göttingen to join Bonhöffer as a research associate at the newly established Max Planck Institute for Physical Chemistry. In Berlin and Göttingen and especially during the period from 1949 to 1955, Gerischer was interested in electrode kinetics and developed instruments and techniques for their study. It was he who developed the electronic potentiostat, the most widely used instrument of electrochemists. He also monitored fast electrode processes by double potential step and AC modulation. This work laid the foundation for a mechanistic interpretation of electrode reactions and had a lasting impact on our understanding of electrode kinetics. It was recognized by the newly minted Bodenstein Prize of the Deutsche Bunsen-Gesellschaft, which Gerischer and Klaus Vetter jointly received in 1953.
Gerischer was appointed in 1954 to the position of Department Head and Senior Research Fellow at the Max Planck Institute for Metal Research in Stuttgart. A year later, he received the Habilitation from the University of Stuttgart for his comprehensive study of the discharge of metal ions in corrosion. The years 1954–1961 in Stuttgart were prolific and it was here that Gerischer began his work on semiconductor electrochemistry. It began with a short note on the electrochemistry of n-type and p-type germanium; a study that grew out of a seminar on solid state physics at the university, where the recent results of Brattain and Garrett on germanium were discussed. Gerischer recognized the theoretical implications of semiconductor electrochemistry in charge transfer and its potential applications in photochemistry and photovoltaic devices. His papers considered the differentiation between Faradaic reactions of electrons and holes (1959), the theory of electron tunneling at semiconductor-electrolyte interfaces, solution Fermi levels, and densities of states. He extended his studies to metal electrodes which he studied with his electronic potentiostat (1957), to stress corrosion (1957), to hydrogen evolution and hydrogen adatom formation (1957), to fast electrode processes (1960) and to the reaction kinetics of water dissociation, which he probed by the microwave pulse method (1961).
His work was recognized by his appointment as Associate Professor (“Extraordinariat”) in Electrochemistry at the Technical University Munich in 1962–63 followed by his promotion to full professor in 1964 and his appointment as Director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry. The 1964–1968 period witnessed a flurry of studies from his group on photoelectrochemistry and photosensitization on electrode materials such as ZnO, CdS, GaAs, silver halides, anthracene, and perylene. In 1969–1970 he was named Dean of Natural Sciences at the Technical University Munich. Gerischer returned to Berlin in 1970 to assume the directorship of the Fritz Haber Institute of the Max Planck Society, where he continued his studies of electrode kinetics, semiconductor electrochemistry, and photoelectrochemistry. After becoming Emeritus Director of the Institute, he worked with Adam Heller in 1990–1991 at the University of Texas at Austin on the rate-controlling role of adsorbed oxygen in titania-assisted photocatalytic processes.
His honors and awards included the Olin Palladium Award of the Electrochemical Society (1977), Centenary Lectureship, the Chemical Society, London (1979), DECHEMA Medal, Frankfurt (1982), Electrochemistry Group Medal, The Royal Society of Chemistry, London (1987), Galvani Medal, The Italian Chemical Society (1988), and the Bruno Breyer Medal, The Royal Australian Chemistry Institute (1992). | 2 | Electrochemists |
Jenara Vicenta Arnal Yarza (September 19, 1902 – May 27, 1960), was the first woman to hold a Ph.D. in chemistry (Chemical Sciences) in Spain. She was noted for her work in electrochemistry and her research into the formation of fluorine from potassium biflouride. In later years, she was recognized for her contribution to the pedagogy of teaching science on the elementary and secondary levels, with a focus on the practical uses of chemistry in daily life. She was awarded a national honor, the Orden Civil de Alfonso X el Sabio. | 2 | Electrochemists |
László Szebellédy (20 April 1901 – 23 January 1944) was a Hungarian chemist who contributed to electrochemistry with the development of Coulometric analytical techniques for detecting small quantities of chemicals with precision. He served as a professor at the Pázmány Péter University.
Szebellédy was born in Rétság and went to the Pázmány Péter University where he studied pharmacy, and obtained a doctorate in 1926. He then joined as an assistant to Professor Lajos Winkler (1863–1939). In 1933 he became an assistant professor. He went to Zurich, Dresden and Leipzig, working at the laboratories of W. D. Treadwell, Max Le Blanc (1865-1943) and Wilhelm Böttger (1871–1949). In 1935-36 he taught chemical analysis and worked on microanalysis techniques involving dyes, fluorescence, indicators and catalysts. He developed coulombetric (or coulometric) titration analysis along with Zoltan Somogyi (1915–1945) in 1938 where the volume of a chemical could be calculated using Faraday's laws. He died at the age of 43, publishing more than a hundred papers. | 2 | Electrochemists |
As an undergraduate at Harvard University, Fiore worked on ozone smog for her honors thesis. As a graduate student at Harvard, Fiore worked with the Harvard Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group. Before becoming a professor, Fiore continued her research at the Atmospheric and Ocean Sciences Program at Princeton University, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research. In 2011, Fiore started as a professor in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University in Palisades, NY. She became a full professor in 2016. In her time at Columbia, she taught a variety of classes, including Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry, Insights into Climate and Carbon Cycling from Simple Models, Dust in the Earth System, and Atmosphere Tutorial: Chemistry. In 2021 Fiore moved to Massachusetts Institute of Technology when she was named the first Peter H. Stone and Paola Malanotte Stone Professor in Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences.
Her fields of interest are air quality, climate change and variability, and atmospheric chemistry. She studies connections between the biosphere and the atmosphere, changes and patterns in atmospheric composition, and the relationship between climate and chemistry.
In addition to being a professor and researcher, Fiore participates in a numerous of professional activities. Since 2016 she has been the Principal Investigator with the NASA Health and Air Quality Applied Sciences Team. She has also been a member of the Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Meteorological Society Statement on Atmospheric Ozone, the Steering Committee for NYSERDA-sponsored NESCAUM Workshop on New York City Metropolitan Area Energy and Air Quality Data Gaps, and the Steering Committee's IGAC/SPARC Chemistry-Climate Modeling Initiative since 2014, 2017, 2017, and 2013 respectively. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
* In 2021 Kubista's organization, TATAA was on Sweden Technology Fast 50 list
* In 2019, Global Health & Pharma recognized and awarded TATAA as the "Best Nucleic Acid Analysis Service Provider – Europe."
* In 2013 TATAA Biocenter was honored with the Frost & Sullivan Award for Customer Value Leadership for their outstanding services in analyzing genetic material
* In 2012, Pioneer of the year in western Sweden
* In 1996, won Innovation Cup in western Sweden for the LightUp probes | 0 | Biochemists |
Kohlrausch was an important researcher of electrochemistry for many reasons. First, the experiments from which he deduced his law of independent migration of ions became canonical and disseminated from Kohlrauschs laboratories in Göttingen, Zürich, and Darmstadt; Svante Arrhenius, Wilhelm Ostwald and Jacobus Henricus van t Hoff, the original Ionists, all trained with methods and equipment of Kohlrauschian lineage. Moreover, because Kohlrausch also continued to test and confirm the Ionist theory after it had been first proposed, his work tied "measuring physics" and its consequent capability of producing plenty of empirical data to the results and methods of the Ionists and their devotees. | 2 | Electrochemists |
In 1997, Chin received the Editors Citation for excellence in refereeing from the Journal of Geophysical Research'. In 2005, she was awarded the exceptional achievement award and NASA Exceptional Achievement Medal from GSFC. In 2021, Chin was elected a fellow of the American Geophysical Union. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Toshiko Mayeda was born in Tacoma, Washington. She grew up in Yokkaichi, Mie, and Osaka. When the United States entered World War II after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, she and her father Matsusaburo Kuki were sent to the Tule Lake War Relocation Center. Whilst there she met her future husband, Harry Mayeda. After the war, she graduated with a bachelor's degree in chemistry from the University of Chicago in 1949. | 1 | Geochemists |
Keutsch won the following awards,
* 2006 Camille and Henry Dreyfus Award Postdoctoral Program in Environmental Chemistry
* 2006 Favorite Instructor Fall 2006 from Ogg and Elizabeth Waters Halls
* 2005 Camille and Henry Dreyfus New Faculty Award | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Patrice Simon (born 1969) is a French chemist in the field of materials science and electrochemistry. He is currently a Distinguished Professor at the Université Paul Sabatier since 2007. His research activities are focused onto the modification of the material/electrolyte interfaces in electrodes for electrochemical energy storage devices such as supercapacitors and batteries. He is also former Director of the European Research Institute "ALISTORE ERI", and currently deputy director of the French Newtwork on Electrochemical Energy Storage (RS2E). | 2 | Electrochemists |
Olga L. Mayol-Bracero is a Puerto Rican atmospheric chemist. Mayol-Bracero is an associate professor at the UPRRP College of Natural Sciences. Her primary research focus is atmospheric aerosols. She researches the impact of atmospheric aerosols on the climate, ecosystem, degradation of structures, and human health. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Manfred Schidlowski (13 November 1933 – 3 October 2012) was a German Professor of Geochemistry at the Max-Planck-Institut for Chemistry (Otto-Hahn-Institut) in Mainz. His research was concerned with the biochemistry of the Early Earth with a focus on isotope-biogeochemistry and the evidence of the earliest life processes in Precambrian. Schidlowski is considered the founder of this research direction in Germany and he also shaped international research in isotope biogeochemistry of Precambrian sediments for more than two decades. | 1 | Geochemists |
Mikael Kubista (born 13 August 1961) is Czech-born Swedish chemist and entrepreneur who works in the field of molecular diagnostics. Since 2007, he is serving as a Professor of Chemistry and Head of the Department of Gene Expression Profiling at the Biotechnology Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences in the Czech Republic.
Kubista has contributed to the field of quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), with his work recognized as part of the early research in this area.
Kubista was a member of the research team at Astra Hässle, where they focused on investigating Omeprazole, an inhibitor of K+/H+-ATPase. The drug is now marketed under the trade names Losec and Nexium, widely prescribed medications for the treatment of gastric ulcer. Additionally, Kubista is the Chairman of the Board of MultiD Analyses AB and the founder of TATAA Biocenter. | 0 | Biochemists |
* Fellow, American Meteorological Society (1998)
*Fellow, American Geophysical Union (2007)
*Exceptional Scientific Achievement Medal, NASA (2009)
*Outstanding Leadership Medal, NASA (2012)
*William Nordberg Memorial Award for Earth Science, Goddard Space Flight Center's highest award in the Earth Sciences (2013) | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
Cicerone joined the University of Michigan as a research scientist, later holding faculty positions in electrical and computer engineering from 1971 to 1978. In 1978 he moved to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego as a research chemist. He was appointed senior scientist and director of the Atmospheric Chemistry Division at the National Center for Atmospheric Research in Boulder, Colorado, in 1980. He held this position until 1989 when he joined the University of California, Irvine (UCI), as professor of earth system science (having founded the department) and chaired the Department of Earth System Science from 1989 to 1994, when he became Dean of Physical Sciences. Cicerone was recognized on the citation for the 1995 Nobel Prize in chemistry awarded to colleague F. Sherwood Rowland. In 1998 he became the fourth Chancellor of UCI. Ralph Cicerone held the position of Chancellor of UC Irvine until 2005, when he left to be President of the National Academy of Sciences. He retired as NAS President in June 2016.
In 2001, while chancellor of UCI, Cicerone led an academy panel, commissioned by George W. Bush, tasked with reporting to him on climate change. The panel concluded unequivocally that "greenhouse gases are accumulating in Earth's atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing surface air temperatures and subsurface ocean temperatures to rise."
Cicerone was a member of the USA Science and Engineering Festivals Advisory Board, a Foreign Member of the Royal Society, Academia Sinica, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, the Russian Academy of Sciences, the Korean Academy of Science and Technology. He also served as president of the American Geophysical Union, the worlds largest society of earth scientists. | 3 | Atmospheric Chemists |
*2000: L'Oréal-UNESCO Awards for Women in Science
*2007: Order of Mapungubwe - Silver
*2013: Christophe Mérieux Prize
*2018: Harry Oppenheimer Fellowship Award | 0 | Biochemists |