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[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Ligustrum lucidum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Ligustrum lucidum is an evergreen tree growing to 10 m (33 ft) tall and broad. The leaves are opposite, glossy dark green, 6–17 centimetres (2.4–6.7 in) long and 3–8 centimetres (1.2–3.1 in) broad. The flowers are similar to other privets, white or near white, borne in panicles, and have a strong fragrance, which some people find unpleasant.\nLigustrum lucidum and the variegated cultivar 'Excelsum Superbum' have gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Olearia paniculata_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Olearia paniculata is a small evergreen tree that is indigenous and commonly found in both the North and South Islands of New Zealand. It has reddish twigs bearing very smooth and wavy-edged oval green leaves that are white underneath and twigs that are grooved on the top surface and angular in cross-section. It can grow up to about 6 meters tall. Olearia paniculata branchlets are grooved, sharp-cornered, very short and grow up to short lengths such as 2-4 centimeters. Flowers are small, white, and in dense clusters. Petiole of the akiraho plant which exists as a stalk that attaches the leaf blade to the stem which grows up to 5 millimeters long. It also has a white thin appressed white to buff tomentum below. Olearia paniculata also has a sweet smell to it and is looked at by many people as used for creating hedges. The genus is named after Johann Gottfried Olearius, a 17th-century German scholar and author of Specimen Florae Hallensis. Paniculata, on the other hand, means “Small sprayed”. Olearia paniculata leaf margins can be flat or strongly wavy.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Rhododendron macrophyllum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "It is an evergreen shrub growing up to 2–9 m (7–30 ft) tall. The leaves, retained for 2–3 years, are 7–23 cm (3–9 in) long and 3–7 cm (1–3 in) broad. The flowers are 2.8–4 cm (1.1–1.6 in) long, with five lobes on the corolla; color is usually pink, although variants exist.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "protect" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Rhododendron macrophyllum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "It is an evergreen shrub growing up to 2–9 m (7–30 ft) tall. The leaves, retained for 2–3 years, are 7–23 cm (3–9 in) long and 3–7 cm (1–3 in) broad. The flowers are 2.8–4 cm (1.1–1.6 in) long, with five lobes on the corolla; color is usually pink, although variants exist.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "protect" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Rhododendron macrophyllum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "It is an evergreen shrub growing up to 2–9 m (7–30 ft) tall. The leaves, retained for 2–3 years, are 7–23 cm (3–9 in) long and 3–7 cm (1–3 in) broad. The flowers are 2.8–4 cm (1.1–1.6 in) long, with five lobes on the corolla; color is usually pink, although variants exist.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "protect" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Rhododendron macrophyllum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "It is an evergreen shrub growing up to 2–9 m (7–30 ft) tall. The leaves, retained for 2–3 years, are 7–23 cm (3–9 in) long and 3–7 cm (1–3 in) broad. The flowers are 2.8–4 cm (1.1–1.6 in) long, with five lobes on the corolla; color is usually pink, although variants exist.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "protect" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Rhododendron macrophyllum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "It is an evergreen shrub growing up to 2–9 m (7–30 ft) tall. The leaves, retained for 2–3 years, are 7–23 cm (3–9 in) long and 3–7 cm (1–3 in) broad. The flowers are 2.8–4 cm (1.1–1.6 in) long, with five lobes on the corolla; color is usually pink, although variants exist.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "protect" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Artocarpus heterophyllus_4", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Artocarpus heterophyllus grows as an evergreen tree that has a relatively short trunk with a dense treetop. It easily reaches heights of 10 to 20 m (33 to 66 feet) and trunk diameters of 30 to 80 cm (12 to 31 inches). It sometimes forms buttress roots. The bark of the jackfruit tree is reddish-brown and smooth. In the event of injury to the bark, a milky juice is released.\nThe leaves are alternate and spirally arranged. They are gummy and thick and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2.5 to 7.5 cm (1 to 3 inches) long. The leathery leaf blade is 20 to 40 cm (7 to 15 inches) long, and 7.5 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches) wide and is oblong to ovate in shape.\nIn young trees, the leaf edges are irregularly lobed or split. On older trees, the leaves are rounded and dark green, with a smooth leaf margin. The leaf blade has a prominent main nerve and starting on each side six to eight lateral nerves. The stipules are egg-shaped at a length of 1.5 to 8 cm (9⁄16 to 3+1⁄8 inches).", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "evergreen families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Artocarpus heterophyllus_4", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Artocarpus heterophyllus grows as an evergreen tree that has a relatively short trunk with a dense treetop. It easily reaches heights of 10 to 20 m (33 to 66 feet) and trunk diameters of 30 to 80 cm (12 to 31 inches). It sometimes forms buttress roots. The bark of the jackfruit tree is reddish-brown and smooth. In the event of injury to the bark, a milky juice is released.\nThe leaves are alternate and spirally arranged. They are gummy and thick and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2.5 to 7.5 cm (1 to 3 inches) long. The leathery leaf blade is 20 to 40 cm (7 to 15 inches) long, and 7.5 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches) wide and is oblong to ovate in shape.\nIn young trees, the leaf edges are irregularly lobed or split. On older trees, the leaves are rounded and dark green, with a smooth leaf margin. The leaf blade has a prominent main nerve and starting on each side six to eight lateral nerves. The stipules are egg-shaped at a length of 1.5 to 8 cm (9⁄16 to 3+1⁄8 inches).", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "evergreen families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Artocarpus heterophyllus_4", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Artocarpus heterophyllus grows as an evergreen tree that has a relatively short trunk with a dense treetop. It easily reaches heights of 10 to 20 m (33 to 66 feet) and trunk diameters of 30 to 80 cm (12 to 31 inches). It sometimes forms buttress roots. The bark of the jackfruit tree is reddish-brown and smooth. In the event of injury to the bark, a milky juice is released.\nThe leaves are alternate and spirally arranged. They are gummy and thick and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2.5 to 7.5 cm (1 to 3 inches) long. The leathery leaf blade is 20 to 40 cm (7 to 15 inches) long, and 7.5 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches) wide and is oblong to ovate in shape.\nIn young trees, the leaf edges are irregularly lobed or split. On older trees, the leaves are rounded and dark green, with a smooth leaf margin. The leaf blade has a prominent main nerve and starting on each side six to eight lateral nerves. The stipules are egg-shaped at a length of 1.5 to 8 cm (9⁄16 to 3+1⁄8 inches).", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "evergreen families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Artocarpus heterophyllus_4", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Artocarpus heterophyllus grows as an evergreen tree that has a relatively short trunk with a dense treetop. It easily reaches heights of 10 to 20 m (33 to 66 feet) and trunk diameters of 30 to 80 cm (12 to 31 inches). It sometimes forms buttress roots. The bark of the jackfruit tree is reddish-brown and smooth. In the event of injury to the bark, a milky juice is released.\nThe leaves are alternate and spirally arranged. They are gummy and thick and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2.5 to 7.5 cm (1 to 3 inches) long. The leathery leaf blade is 20 to 40 cm (7 to 15 inches) long, and 7.5 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches) wide and is oblong to ovate in shape.\nIn young trees, the leaf edges are irregularly lobed or split. On older trees, the leaves are rounded and dark green, with a smooth leaf margin. The leaf blade has a prominent main nerve and starting on each side six to eight lateral nerves. The stipules are egg-shaped at a length of 1.5 to 8 cm (9⁄16 to 3+1⁄8 inches).", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "evergreen families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Artocarpus heterophyllus_4", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Artocarpus heterophyllus grows as an evergreen tree that has a relatively short trunk with a dense treetop. It easily reaches heights of 10 to 20 m (33 to 66 feet) and trunk diameters of 30 to 80 cm (12 to 31 inches). It sometimes forms buttress roots. The bark of the jackfruit tree is reddish-brown and smooth. In the event of injury to the bark, a milky juice is released.\nThe leaves are alternate and spirally arranged. They are gummy and thick and are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The petiole is 2.5 to 7.5 cm (1 to 3 inches) long. The leathery leaf blade is 20 to 40 cm (7 to 15 inches) long, and 7.5 to 18 cm (3 to 7 inches) wide and is oblong to ovate in shape.\nIn young trees, the leaf edges are irregularly lobed or split. On older trees, the leaves are rounded and dark green, with a smooth leaf margin. The leaf blade has a prominent main nerve and starting on each side six to eight lateral nerves. The stipules are egg-shaped at a length of 1.5 to 8 cm (9⁄16 to 3+1⁄8 inches).", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "evergreen families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "longevity" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Cassiope tetragona_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "Cassiope tetragona (common names include Arctic bell-heather, white Arctic mountain heather and Arctic white heather) is a plant native to the high Arctic and northern Norway, where it is found widely.\nGrowing to 10–20 cm in height, it is a strongly branched dwarf shrub. The leaves are grooved, evergreen, and scale-like in four rows. Pedicels are long and arched. The plant bears bell-shaped, solitary flowers usually with white and pink lobes and pink anthers. The flower stalks and sepals are red, but the petals may also be yellowish-white. The anthers can also be brownish-yellow and flower stalks and sepals yellowish-green.\nIt grows on ridges and heaths, often in abundance and forming a distinctive and attractive plant community.\nIn Greenland, indigenous peoples use the plant as important source of fuel. Because of high resin content, it burns even when wet.\nThe plant can also be used in cooking. Canadian chef Louis Charest used arctic heather as a smoked herb for the 2016 Three Amigos Summit state dinner.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "gradually" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Hypericum calycinum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Hypericum calycinum is a low, creeping, evergreen woody shrub (classified as a subshrub or shrublet) to about 1 m tall and 1–2 m wide but often smaller. The green, ovate leaves grow in opposite pairs. Usually 4 inches long, the undersides of the leaves are net-veined. In the sun, the leaves are a vibrant green color, and in shade, the leaves are a lighter yellow-green. The underside of the leaves is a blue-green color and in the fall, the leaves take on a purple color.\nThe flowers are 3–5 cm in diameter, a rich yellow, with five petals and numerous yellow stamens. Its flowers can be described as “rose-like” and tend to be single or in units of two or three, flowering in June to September.\nHypericum calycinum is indigenous to southeast Europe and southwest Asia. It is a popular, semi-evergreen garden shrub with many named cultivars and hybrids derived from it.\nAlthough the genus is generally not affected by rust fungi, it can appear on H. calycinum (and another cultivated plant, Hypericum × inodorum 'Elstead').", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Hypericum calycinum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Hypericum calycinum is a low, creeping, evergreen woody shrub (classified as a subshrub or shrublet) to about 1 m tall and 1–2 m wide but often smaller. The green, ovate leaves grow in opposite pairs. Usually 4 inches long, the undersides of the leaves are net-veined. In the sun, the leaves are a vibrant green color, and in shade, the leaves are a lighter yellow-green. The underside of the leaves is a blue-green color and in the fall, the leaves take on a purple color.\nThe flowers are 3–5 cm in diameter, a rich yellow, with five petals and numerous yellow stamens. Its flowers can be described as “rose-like” and tend to be single or in units of two or three, flowering in June to September.\nHypericum calycinum is indigenous to southeast Europe and southwest Asia. It is a popular, semi-evergreen garden shrub with many named cultivars and hybrids derived from it.\nAlthough the genus is generally not affected by rust fungi, it can appear on H. calycinum (and another cultivated plant, Hypericum × inodorum 'Elstead').", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Hypericum calycinum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Hypericum calycinum is a low, creeping, evergreen woody shrub (classified as a subshrub or shrublet) to about 1 m tall and 1–2 m wide but often smaller. The green, ovate leaves grow in opposite pairs. Usually 4 inches long, the undersides of the leaves are net-veined. In the sun, the leaves are a vibrant green color, and in shade, the leaves are a lighter yellow-green. The underside of the leaves is a blue-green color and in the fall, the leaves take on a purple color.\nThe flowers are 3–5 cm in diameter, a rich yellow, with five petals and numerous yellow stamens. Its flowers can be described as “rose-like” and tend to be single or in units of two or three, flowering in June to September.\nHypericum calycinum is indigenous to southeast Europe and southwest Asia. It is a popular, semi-evergreen garden shrub with many named cultivars and hybrids derived from it.\nAlthough the genus is generally not affected by rust fungi, it can appear on H. calycinum (and another cultivated plant, Hypericum × inodorum 'Elstead').", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Hypericum calycinum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Hypericum calycinum is a low, creeping, evergreen woody shrub (classified as a subshrub or shrublet) to about 1 m tall and 1–2 m wide but often smaller. The green, ovate leaves grow in opposite pairs. Usually 4 inches long, the undersides of the leaves are net-veined. In the sun, the leaves are a vibrant green color, and in shade, the leaves are a lighter yellow-green. The underside of the leaves is a blue-green color and in the fall, the leaves take on a purple color.\nThe flowers are 3–5 cm in diameter, a rich yellow, with five petals and numerous yellow stamens. Its flowers can be described as “rose-like” and tend to be single or in units of two or three, flowering in June to September.\nHypericum calycinum is indigenous to southeast Europe and southwest Asia. It is a popular, semi-evergreen garden shrub with many named cultivars and hybrids derived from it.\nAlthough the genus is generally not affected by rust fungi, it can appear on H. calycinum (and another cultivated plant, Hypericum × inodorum 'Elstead').", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Hypericum calycinum_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Hypericum calycinum is a low, creeping, evergreen woody shrub (classified as a subshrub or shrublet) to about 1 m tall and 1–2 m wide but often smaller. The green, ovate leaves grow in opposite pairs. Usually 4 inches long, the undersides of the leaves are net-veined. In the sun, the leaves are a vibrant green color, and in shade, the leaves are a lighter yellow-green. The underside of the leaves is a blue-green color and in the fall, the leaves take on a purple color.\nThe flowers are 3–5 cm in diameter, a rich yellow, with five petals and numerous yellow stamens. Its flowers can be described as “rose-like” and tend to be single or in units of two or three, flowering in June to September.\nHypericum calycinum is indigenous to southeast Europe and southwest Asia. It is a popular, semi-evergreen garden shrub with many named cultivars and hybrids derived from it.\nAlthough the genus is generally not affected by rust fungi, it can appear on H. calycinum (and another cultivated plant, Hypericum × inodorum 'Elstead').", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Thuja plicata_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Thuja plicata is an evergreen coniferous tree in the cypress family Cupressaceae, native to western North America. Its common name is western redcedar (western red cedar in the UK), and it is also called Pacific redcedar, giant arborvitae, western arborvitae, just cedar, giant cedar, or shinglewood. It is not a true cedar of the genus Cedrus.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Salvia microphylla_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Salvia microphylla, the baby sage, Graham's sage, or blackcurrant sage, is an evergreen shrub found in the wild in southeastern Arizona and the mountains of eastern, western, and southern Mexico. It is a very complex species which easily hybridizes, resulting in numerous hybrids and cultivars brought into horticulture since the 1990s. The specific epithet microphylla, from the Greek, means \"small leaved\". In Mexico it is called mirto de montes, or \"myrtle of the mountains\".", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Salvia microphylla_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Salvia microphylla, the baby sage, Graham's sage, or blackcurrant sage, is an evergreen shrub found in the wild in southeastern Arizona and the mountains of eastern, western, and southern Mexico. It is a very complex species which easily hybridizes, resulting in numerous hybrids and cultivars brought into horticulture since the 1990s. The specific epithet microphylla, from the Greek, means \"small leaved\". In Mexico it is called mirto de montes, or \"myrtle of the mountains\".", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Salvia microphylla_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Salvia microphylla, the baby sage, Graham's sage, or blackcurrant sage, is an evergreen shrub found in the wild in southeastern Arizona and the mountains of eastern, western, and southern Mexico. It is a very complex species which easily hybridizes, resulting in numerous hybrids and cultivars brought into horticulture since the 1990s. The specific epithet microphylla, from the Greek, means \"small leaved\". In Mexico it is called mirto de montes, or \"myrtle of the mountains\".", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Salvia microphylla_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Salvia microphylla, the baby sage, Graham's sage, or blackcurrant sage, is an evergreen shrub found in the wild in southeastern Arizona and the mountains of eastern, western, and southern Mexico. It is a very complex species which easily hybridizes, resulting in numerous hybrids and cultivars brought into horticulture since the 1990s. The specific epithet microphylla, from the Greek, means \"small leaved\". In Mexico it is called mirto de montes, or \"myrtle of the mountains\".", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Salvia microphylla_0", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_2" ]

[ "Salvia microphylla, the baby sage, Graham's sage, or blackcurrant sage, is an evergreen shrub found in the wild in southeastern Arizona and the mountains of eastern, western, and southern Mexico. It is a very complex species which easily hybridizes, resulting in numerous hybrids and cultivars brought into horticulture since the 1990s. The specific epithet microphylla, from the Greek, means \"small leaved\". In Mexico it is called mirto de montes, or \"myrtle of the mountains\".", "Japanese umbrella pine is unique in that it has its own family of which it is the only species." ]

[ "families" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_4" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "Deciduous trees shed their leaves usually as an adaptation to a cold or dry/wet season. Evergreen trees do lose leaves, but each tree loses its leaves gradually and not all at once. Most tropical rainforest plants are considered to be evergreens, replacing their leaves gradually throughout the year as the leaves age and fall, whereas species growing in seasonally arid climates may be either evergreen or deciduous. Most warm temperate climate plants are also evergreen. In cool temperate climates, fewer plants are evergreen. In this climate, there is a predominance of conifers because few evergreen broadleaf plants can tolerate severe cold below about −26 °C (−15 °F).\nIn areas where there is a reason for being deciduous, e.g. a cold season or dry season, evergreen plants are usually an adaptation of low nutrient levels. Additionally, they are usually sclerophyllous,(meaning hard-leaved) and have an excellent water economy due to scarce resources in the area in which they reside. The excellent water economy within the evergreen species is due to high abundance when compared to deciduous species. Whereas, deciduous trees lose nutrients whenever they lose their leaves. In warmer areas, species such as some pines and cypresses grow on poor soils and disturbed ground. In Rhododendron, a genus with many broadleaf evergreens, several species grow in mature forests but are usually found on highly acidic soil where the nutrients are less available to plants. In taiga or boreal forests, it is too cold for the organic matter in the soil to decay rapidly, so the nutrients in the soil are less easily available to plants, thus favoring evergreens.\nIn temperate climates, evergreens can reinforce their own survival; evergreen leaf and needle litter has a higher carbon-nitrogen ratio than deciduous leaf litter, contributing to a higher soil acidity and lower soil nitrogen content. This is the case with Mediterranean evergreen seedlings, which have unique C and N storages that allow stored resources to determine fast growth within the species, limiting competition and bolstering survival. These conditions favor the growth of more evergreens and make it more difficult for deciduous plants to persist. In addition, the shelter provided by existing evergreen plants can make it easier for younger evergreen plants to survive cold and/or drought." ]

[ "deciduous leaf litter" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Genista monspessulana_1", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_0" ]

[ "G. monspessulana grows to 1–2.5 metres (3+1⁄2–8 feet) tall, with slender green branches. The stems are not ridged or green. The leaves are evergreen, trifoliate with three narrow obovate leaflets, 1–2 centimetres (1⁄2–3⁄4 inch) long. The flowers are yellow, grouped 3–9 together in short racemes. Like other legumes, it develops its seeds within a pod. The pods are 2–3 cm (3⁄4–1+1⁄4 in) long, tough and hard, covered all over with hairs, and are transported easily by flowing water and animals. They burst open with force, dispersing the seeds several metres. The plant begins seed production once it reaches a height of approximately 40 cm (16 in), and each plant can live for 10–20 years. One mature plant can produce 10,000 seeds per season. The generous seed production and the plant's ability to re-sprout after cutting or burning help it to invade new habitat vigorously when introduced.\nIt is related to the common broom and Spanish broom.", "In botany, an evergreen is a plant which has foliage that remains green and functional through more than one growing season. This also pertains to plants that retain their foliage only in warm climates, and contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season." ]

[ "warm" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Plumeria rubra_3", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Its native range extends from the Baja California cape into central Mexico south through Central America to Colombia and Venezuela in South America. It is cultivated in the tropical regions of the world, and is perhaps naturalized in some parts of India.\nMore specifically, P. rubra is cultivated in the lowlands and the Yungas in Bolivia, the coastal and Andean regions of Ecuador, and the Amazonian and Andean regions of Peru, where it inhabits disturbed areas. P. rubra has been introduced into many countries and islands, including South Africa, Yemen, Chad, and Burundi. It has been found growing everywhere in Myanmar except in very cool mountainous regions. It has been introduced both in China and Pakistan and has been naturalized in the Analamanga & Betsiboka regions of Madagascar. It is native to the Department of Antioquia in Colombia, and is distributed in countries such as Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, Belize, and, Honduras, along with the West Indies. It is also widely cultivated in Panama.\nP. rubra generally inhabits hot and rocky areas with dry to moderate rainfall. They can survive in locations with prominent dry seasons, where they can flower on the bare branches, or in more humid conditions, where they can remain evergreen. It can also be found in rocky forests, mountain slopes, and even occasionally on plains or savannas. It occupies elevations of 500 to 1000 meters but can be found up to elevations of 1500 meters.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "live" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Plumeria rubra_3", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Its native range extends from the Baja California cape into central Mexico south through Central America to Colombia and Venezuela in South America. It is cultivated in the tropical regions of the world, and is perhaps naturalized in some parts of India.\nMore specifically, P. rubra is cultivated in the lowlands and the Yungas in Bolivia, the coastal and Andean regions of Ecuador, and the Amazonian and Andean regions of Peru, where it inhabits disturbed areas. P. rubra has been introduced into many countries and islands, including South Africa, Yemen, Chad, and Burundi. It has been found growing everywhere in Myanmar except in very cool mountainous regions. It has been introduced both in China and Pakistan and has been naturalized in the Analamanga & Betsiboka regions of Madagascar. It is native to the Department of Antioquia in Colombia, and is distributed in countries such as Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, Belize, and, Honduras, along with the West Indies. It is also widely cultivated in Panama.\nP. rubra generally inhabits hot and rocky areas with dry to moderate rainfall. They can survive in locations with prominent dry seasons, where they can flower on the bare branches, or in more humid conditions, where they can remain evergreen. It can also be found in rocky forests, mountain slopes, and even occasionally on plains or savannas. It occupies elevations of 500 to 1000 meters but can be found up to elevations of 1500 meters.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "live" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Plumeria rubra_3", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Its native range extends from the Baja California cape into central Mexico south through Central America to Colombia and Venezuela in South America. It is cultivated in the tropical regions of the world, and is perhaps naturalized in some parts of India.\nMore specifically, P. rubra is cultivated in the lowlands and the Yungas in Bolivia, the coastal and Andean regions of Ecuador, and the Amazonian and Andean regions of Peru, where it inhabits disturbed areas. P. rubra has been introduced into many countries and islands, including South Africa, Yemen, Chad, and Burundi. It has been found growing everywhere in Myanmar except in very cool mountainous regions. It has been introduced both in China and Pakistan and has been naturalized in the Analamanga & Betsiboka regions of Madagascar. It is native to the Department of Antioquia in Colombia, and is distributed in countries such as Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, Belize, and, Honduras, along with the West Indies. It is also widely cultivated in Panama.\nP. rubra generally inhabits hot and rocky areas with dry to moderate rainfall. They can survive in locations with prominent dry seasons, where they can flower on the bare branches, or in more humid conditions, where they can remain evergreen. It can also be found in rocky forests, mountain slopes, and even occasionally on plains or savannas. It occupies elevations of 500 to 1000 meters but can be found up to elevations of 1500 meters.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "live" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Plumeria rubra_3", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Its native range extends from the Baja California cape into central Mexico south through Central America to Colombia and Venezuela in South America. It is cultivated in the tropical regions of the world, and is perhaps naturalized in some parts of India.\nMore specifically, P. rubra is cultivated in the lowlands and the Yungas in Bolivia, the coastal and Andean regions of Ecuador, and the Amazonian and Andean regions of Peru, where it inhabits disturbed areas. P. rubra has been introduced into many countries and islands, including South Africa, Yemen, Chad, and Burundi. It has been found growing everywhere in Myanmar except in very cool mountainous regions. It has been introduced both in China and Pakistan and has been naturalized in the Analamanga & Betsiboka regions of Madagascar. It is native to the Department of Antioquia in Colombia, and is distributed in countries such as Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, Belize, and, Honduras, along with the West Indies. It is also widely cultivated in Panama.\nP. rubra generally inhabits hot and rocky areas with dry to moderate rainfall. They can survive in locations with prominent dry seasons, where they can flower on the bare branches, or in more humid conditions, where they can remain evergreen. It can also be found in rocky forests, mountain slopes, and even occasionally on plains or savannas. It occupies elevations of 500 to 1000 meters but can be found up to elevations of 1500 meters.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "live" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Plumeria rubra_3", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_1" ]

[ "Its native range extends from the Baja California cape into central Mexico south through Central America to Colombia and Venezuela in South America. It is cultivated in the tropical regions of the world, and is perhaps naturalized in some parts of India.\nMore specifically, P. rubra is cultivated in the lowlands and the Yungas in Bolivia, the coastal and Andean regions of Ecuador, and the Amazonian and Andean regions of Peru, where it inhabits disturbed areas. P. rubra has been introduced into many countries and islands, including South Africa, Yemen, Chad, and Burundi. It has been found growing everywhere in Myanmar except in very cool mountainous regions. It has been introduced both in China and Pakistan and has been naturalized in the Analamanga & Betsiboka regions of Madagascar. It is native to the Department of Antioquia in Colombia, and is distributed in countries such as Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Guatemala, Mexico, El Salvador, Belize, and, Honduras, along with the West Indies. It is also widely cultivated in Panama.\nP. rubra generally inhabits hot and rocky areas with dry to moderate rainfall. They can survive in locations with prominent dry seasons, where they can flower on the bare branches, or in more humid conditions, where they can remain evergreen. It can also be found in rocky forests, mountain slopes, and even occasionally on plains or savannas. It occupies elevations of 500 to 1000 meters but can be found up to elevations of 1500 meters.", "There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs. Evergreens include:\nMost species of conifers (e.g., pine, hemlock, blue spruce, and red cedar), but not all (e.g., larch)\nLive oak, holly, and \"ancient\" gymnosperms such as cycads\nMost angiosperms from frost-free climates, such as eucalypts and rainforest trees\nClubmosses and relatives\nThe Latin binomial term sempervirens, meaning \"always green\", refers to the evergreen nature of the plant, for instance\nCupressus sempervirens (a cypress)\nLonicera sempervirens (a honeysuckle)\nSequoia sempervirens (a sequoia)\nLeaf longevity in evergreen plants varies from a few months to several decades (over thirty years in the Great Basin Bristlecone Pine)." ]

[ "live" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Gaultheria shallon_2", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Lewis and Clark reported the local Chinook Jargon name of the omnipresent evergreen shrub to be shallon, shelwel, or shellwell, but when Scottish naturalist David Douglas arrived at Fort George in April 1825 he noted that it was not called shallon but rather salal or sallal.\nThe genus Gaultheria was named by Pehr Kalm for his guide in Canada, fellow botanist Jean François Gaultier.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]

[ "WikiWeb_Gaultheria shallon_2", "WikiWeb_Evergreen_5" ]

[ "Lewis and Clark reported the local Chinook Jargon name of the omnipresent evergreen shrub to be shallon, shelwel, or shellwell, but when Scottish naturalist David Douglas arrived at Fort George in April 1825 he noted that it was not called shallon but rather salal or sallal.\nThe genus Gaultheria was named by Pehr Kalm for his guide in Canada, fellow botanist Jean François Gaultier.", "A major threat to evergreen trees is the fungus Rhizosphere kalkhoffii, which causes the commonly green needles to appear brown or purple in color. This disease is called needle cast disease, and is widespread in Minnesota and other US states. This fungi spreads through splashing water to adjacent trees and needles. It has been found that needle infection occur at an average temperature of 25 degrees Celsius. Some particular trees are in fact resistant to the disease, such as Plant Norway (P. abides) or white spruce (P. glaucid), while others such as Colorado blue spruce (Pica pungent) are extremely at risk of contracting the disease. Preventative efforts to protect the evergreens include fungicide, mulch at the base of the tree and increased sprinkler control to prevent the water contamination. Within recent years, this detrimental disease has entered into Canada and provides challenges for commercial conifer tree growers (such as Christmas trees), and extensive research was conducted into possible fungicides for this disease with no clear cut option being presented. Therefore the future research regarding evergreen longevity is highly linked to additional counter measures to Rhizosphere kalkhoffii by looking at other fungicide potions." ]

[ "preventative" ]