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Add new SentenceTransformer model.
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---
base_model: google-bert/bert-base-uncased
datasets: []
language: []
library_name: sentence-transformers
pipeline_tag: sentence-similarity
tags:
- sentence-transformers
- sentence-similarity
- feature-extraction
- generated_from_trainer
- dataset_size:100000
- loss:DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss
widget:
- source_sentence: 1109/icnsurv
sentences:
- 1109/icnsurv
- A cost function is needed to assign a performance metric value to a particular
test run
- Aircraft OperationsFuture aircraft will sense, control, communicate, and navigate
with increasing levels of autonomy, enabling new concepts in air traffic management
- source_sentence: Table 1 of and to well as the median taxi from STBO KDFW
sentences:
- Table 1 Metrics of accuracy, median and MAD of residuals as compared to STBO predictions,
as well as the median taxi time from STBO for KDFW and KCLT airports
- ', IEEE, 2005, pp'
- 'RESULTS: EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS'
- source_sentence: gate time to known
sentences:
- 3FIVE INPUT VARIABLESParameterDescriptionHead windHead WindGust windGust WindCeiling_ftForecast
CeilingVis_ftForecast VisibilityAct_Land_Wgt Actual Landing Weightfive parameters
listed in
- Instead, gate departure time was assumed to be known
- The proof is very similar to that presented for the NP-completeness of ASP, and
is based on reduction from PLANAR-P3( 6), hence we simply provide the main idea
of the proof
- source_sentence: ', Hough" Pattern Recognition, Vol'
sentences:
- 9 Station Keeping scores
- "\t\tAGARD CD-410"
- ', "Generalizing the Hough Transform to Detect Arbitrary Shapes," Pattern Recognition,
Vol'
- source_sentence: Airlines often ferry from locations fuel prices
sentences:
- Scheduler Inputs and Order of ConsiderationThe surface model provides EOBT, UOBT,
UTOT and other detailed flight-specific modeled input
- "\t\t\tKeithWichman"
- Airlines often ferry fuel from locations where fuel prices are cheapest
---
# SentenceTransformer based on google-bert/bert-base-uncased
This is a [sentence-transformers](https://www.SBERT.net) model finetuned from [google-bert/bert-base-uncased](https://huggingface.co/google-bert/bert-base-uncased). It maps sentences & paragraphs to a 768-dimensional dense vector space and can be used for semantic textual similarity, semantic search, paraphrase mining, text classification, clustering, and more.
## Model Details
### Model Description
- **Model Type:** Sentence Transformer
- **Base model:** [google-bert/bert-base-uncased](https://huggingface.co/google-bert/bert-base-uncased) <!-- at revision 86b5e0934494bd15c9632b12f734a8a67f723594 -->
- **Maximum Sequence Length:** 512 tokens
- **Output Dimensionality:** 768 tokens
- **Similarity Function:** Cosine Similarity
<!-- - **Training Dataset:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **Language:** Unknown -->
<!-- - **License:** Unknown -->
### Model Sources
- **Documentation:** [Sentence Transformers Documentation](https://sbert.net)
- **Repository:** [Sentence Transformers on GitHub](https://github.com/UKPLab/sentence-transformers)
- **Hugging Face:** [Sentence Transformers on Hugging Face](https://huggingface.co/models?library=sentence-transformers)
### Full Model Architecture
```
SentenceTransformer(
(0): Transformer({'max_seq_length': 512, 'do_lower_case': False}) with Transformer model: BertModel
(1): Pooling({'word_embedding_dimension': 768, 'pooling_mode_cls_token': True, 'pooling_mode_mean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_max_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_mean_sqrt_len_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_weightedmean_tokens': False, 'pooling_mode_lasttoken': False, 'include_prompt': True})
)
```
## Usage
### Direct Usage (Sentence Transformers)
First install the Sentence Transformers library:
```bash
pip install -U sentence-transformers
```
Then you can load this model and run inference.
```python
from sentence_transformers import SentenceTransformer
# Download from the 🤗 Hub
model = SentenceTransformer("kathleenge/tsdae-bert-base-uncased")
# Run inference
sentences = [
'Airlines often ferry from locations fuel prices',
'Airlines often ferry fuel from locations where fuel prices are cheapest',
'\t\t\tKeithWichman',
]
embeddings = model.encode(sentences)
print(embeddings.shape)
# [3, 768]
# Get the similarity scores for the embeddings
similarities = model.similarity(embeddings, embeddings)
print(similarities.shape)
# [3, 3]
```
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You can finetune this model on your own dataset.
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## Training Details
### Training Dataset
#### Unnamed Dataset
* Size: 100,000 training samples
* Columns: <code>sentence_0</code> and <code>sentence_1</code>
* Approximate statistics based on the first 1000 samples:
| | sentence_0 | sentence_1 |
|:--------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|:-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| type | string | string |
| details | <ul><li>min: 3 tokens</li><li>mean: 10.95 tokens</li><li>max: 106 tokens</li></ul> | <ul><li>min: 4 tokens</li><li>mean: 23.39 tokens</li><li>max: 239 tokens</li></ul> |
* Samples:
| sentence_0 | sentence_1 |
|:------------------------------------------------------------------|:--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
| <code>selected and reviewed for value current on metroplex</code> | <code>The literature was selected and reviewed for its value to the current research on metroplex operations</code> |
| <code>and</code> | <code>, and Dulchinos, V</code> |
| <code>,</code> | <code>, Atkins, S</code> |
* Loss: [<code>DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss</code>](https://sbert.net/docs/package_reference/sentence_transformer/losses.html#denoisingautoencoderloss)
### Training Hyperparameters
#### Non-Default Hyperparameters
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin
#### All Hyperparameters
<details><summary>Click to expand</summary>
- `overwrite_output_dir`: False
- `do_predict`: False
- `eval_strategy`: no
- `prediction_loss_only`: True
- `per_device_train_batch_size`: 8
- `per_device_eval_batch_size`: 8
- `per_gpu_train_batch_size`: None
- `per_gpu_eval_batch_size`: None
- `gradient_accumulation_steps`: 1
- `eval_accumulation_steps`: None
- `learning_rate`: 5e-05
- `weight_decay`: 0.0
- `adam_beta1`: 0.9
- `adam_beta2`: 0.999
- `adam_epsilon`: 1e-08
- `max_grad_norm`: 1
- `num_train_epochs`: 1
- `max_steps`: -1
- `lr_scheduler_type`: linear
- `lr_scheduler_kwargs`: {}
- `warmup_ratio`: 0.0
- `warmup_steps`: 0
- `log_level`: passive
- `log_level_replica`: warning
- `log_on_each_node`: True
- `logging_nan_inf_filter`: True
- `save_safetensors`: True
- `save_on_each_node`: False
- `save_only_model`: False
- `restore_callback_states_from_checkpoint`: False
- `no_cuda`: False
- `use_cpu`: False
- `use_mps_device`: False
- `seed`: 42
- `data_seed`: None
- `jit_mode_eval`: False
- `use_ipex`: False
- `bf16`: False
- `fp16`: False
- `fp16_opt_level`: O1
- `half_precision_backend`: auto
- `bf16_full_eval`: False
- `fp16_full_eval`: False
- `tf32`: None
- `local_rank`: 0
- `ddp_backend`: None
- `tpu_num_cores`: None
- `tpu_metrics_debug`: False
- `debug`: []
- `dataloader_drop_last`: False
- `dataloader_num_workers`: 0
- `dataloader_prefetch_factor`: None
- `past_index`: -1
- `disable_tqdm`: False
- `remove_unused_columns`: True
- `label_names`: None
- `load_best_model_at_end`: False
- `ignore_data_skip`: False
- `fsdp`: []
- `fsdp_min_num_params`: 0
- `fsdp_config`: {'min_num_params': 0, 'xla': False, 'xla_fsdp_v2': False, 'xla_fsdp_grad_ckpt': False}
- `fsdp_transformer_layer_cls_to_wrap`: None
- `accelerator_config`: {'split_batches': False, 'dispatch_batches': None, 'even_batches': True, 'use_seedable_sampler': True, 'non_blocking': False, 'gradient_accumulation_kwargs': None}
- `deepspeed`: None
- `label_smoothing_factor`: 0.0
- `optim`: adamw_torch
- `optim_args`: None
- `adafactor`: False
- `group_by_length`: False
- `length_column_name`: length
- `ddp_find_unused_parameters`: None
- `ddp_bucket_cap_mb`: None
- `ddp_broadcast_buffers`: False
- `dataloader_pin_memory`: True
- `dataloader_persistent_workers`: False
- `skip_memory_metrics`: True
- `use_legacy_prediction_loop`: False
- `push_to_hub`: False
- `resume_from_checkpoint`: None
- `hub_model_id`: None
- `hub_strategy`: every_save
- `hub_private_repo`: False
- `hub_always_push`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing`: False
- `gradient_checkpointing_kwargs`: None
- `include_inputs_for_metrics`: False
- `eval_do_concat_batches`: True
- `fp16_backend`: auto
- `push_to_hub_model_id`: None
- `push_to_hub_organization`: None
- `mp_parameters`:
- `auto_find_batch_size`: False
- `full_determinism`: False
- `torchdynamo`: None
- `ray_scope`: last
- `ddp_timeout`: 1800
- `torch_compile`: False
- `torch_compile_backend`: None
- `torch_compile_mode`: None
- `dispatch_batches`: None
- `split_batches`: None
- `include_tokens_per_second`: False
- `include_num_input_tokens_seen`: False
- `neftune_noise_alpha`: None
- `optim_target_modules`: None
- `batch_eval_metrics`: False
- `eval_on_start`: False
- `batch_sampler`: batch_sampler
- `multi_dataset_batch_sampler`: round_robin
</details>
### Training Logs
| Epoch | Step | Training Loss |
|:-----:|:-----:|:-------------:|
| 0.04 | 500 | 7.3777 |
| 0.08 | 1000 | 6.9771 |
| 0.12 | 1500 | 6.8481 |
| 0.16 | 2000 | 6.7737 |
| 0.2 | 2500 | 6.6935 |
| 0.24 | 3000 | 6.6264 |
| 0.28 | 3500 | 6.5918 |
| 0.32 | 4000 | 6.5504 |
| 0.36 | 4500 | 6.4805 |
| 0.4 | 5000 | 6.4539 |
| 0.44 | 5500 | 6.4242 |
| 0.48 | 6000 | 6.4017 |
| 0.52 | 6500 | 6.3808 |
| 0.56 | 7000 | 6.3595 |
| 0.6 | 7500 | 6.3174 |
| 0.64 | 8000 | 6.2911 |
| 0.68 | 8500 | 6.2917 |
| 0.72 | 9000 | 6.2555 |
| 0.76 | 9500 | 6.2314 |
| 0.8 | 10000 | 6.2223 |
| 0.84 | 10500 | 6.1852 |
| 0.88 | 11000 | 6.2067 |
| 0.92 | 11500 | 6.1562 |
| 0.96 | 12000 | 6.1563 |
| 1.0 | 12500 | 6.092 |
### Framework Versions
- Python: 3.10.12
- Sentence Transformers: 3.0.1
- Transformers: 4.42.4
- PyTorch: 2.3.1+cu121
- Accelerate: 0.32.1
- Datasets: 2.20.0
- Tokenizers: 0.19.1
## Citation
### BibTeX
#### Sentence Transformers
```bibtex
@inproceedings{reimers-2019-sentence-bert,
title = "Sentence-BERT: Sentence Embeddings using Siamese BERT-Networks",
author = "Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Proceedings of the 2019 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing",
month = "11",
year = "2019",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/1908.10084",
}
```
#### DenoisingAutoEncoderLoss
```bibtex
@inproceedings{wang-2021-TSDAE,
title = "TSDAE: Using Transformer-based Sequential Denoising Auto-Encoderfor Unsupervised Sentence Embedding Learning",
author = "Wang, Kexin and Reimers, Nils and Gurevych, Iryna",
booktitle = "Findings of the Association for Computational Linguistics: EMNLP 2021",
month = nov,
year = "2021",
address = "Punta Cana, Dominican Republic",
publisher = "Association for Computational Linguistics",
pages = "671--688",
url = "https://arxiv.org/abs/2104.06979",
}
```
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